Purpose: This study has been undertaken to find as to how the Pakistan defense services being resource-intensive organizations can help to secure the natural environment and achieve sustained national development by adopting modern management concepts like the balanced scorecard (BSC) while not compromising on their core aim of achieving strategic national defense objectives. With this main purpose in mind, this study focused on locating the core functionalities of Pakistan armed services to be adopted as the key perspectives for building their BSCs.Design/methodology/approach: This study is quantitative in nature, and after the formulation of hypotheses by carrying out a thorough literature review, the distributed questionnaire collected quantitative data to test the hypotheses using computer-based SPSS software. Personnel of all the three arms of Pakistan defense service, namely army, navy and the air force, formed the population of this study.Findings: This quantitative study has found that pursuit of national purpose, availability of resources, internal processes and building for future are the main core functionalities of Pakistan defense services and can be safely adopted as the main perspectives for the development of their BSCs to ensure sustained national development by exercising economy of resources without overburdening the natural resources and the environment.Research limitations/implications: The findings of this study are based on cross-sectional data rather than longitudinal; therefore, these are not a representative of a dynamic situation. As the data collection for this study is limited to Pakistan, its findings cannot be generalized globally.Originality/value: This study is unique in a way as it endeavors to bring out empirically that how a public entity like defense force can contribute to the safe keeping of environment while achieving sustained development. Most importantly, it highlights that how BSC as a management tool can help the defense force leadership to achieve desired state of sustained national development through intelligent application of precious resources placed on their disposal.

With the emergence of economic globalisation, HR executives strive to provide a fairer working environment as there is an unprecedented shift of increased participation of people with different demographic backgrounds, genders and belief systems at workplaces around the globe. Simultaneously, there has been a tremendous rise in the occurrences of abusive leadership behaviours leading to increased turnover ratios. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of abusive leadership and diversity management practices on turnover intention. This study data has been collected from the employees of pharmaceutical companies based in Karachi, Pakistan using a non- probability purposive sampling technique. Data was taken from (n = 403) participants. The results show a significant negative relationship between diversity management and turnover intention and a significant positive relationship between abusive leadership and turnover intention. The results also indicate that job satisfaction mediates the relationship of both diversity management and abusive leadership with turnover intention. The study emphasises that organisations should consciously channel their resources effectively into creating an all-inclusive environment to cater the psychological needs of a diverse workforce. The study also implicated that organisational leadership should pay special attention to ensure that they treat their subordinates fairly across the board, as the behaviour of the leaders has far-reaching effects on the performance, productivity and psychological well-being of the employees.

Purpose This research investigates the importance of advanced digital policy which have been use in the supply chain management globally. It investigates Capability of data analytics internally, External data analytics, Capability of procurement digitally, Automation, End to End Visibility their role in digital supply and by this how it contributes to business performance and its flexibility. Design/Methodology/Approach The method of collecting data by using Questionnaires and collecting their responses to identify their thoughts about the digital supply chain through digital platforms. Findings We have 12 tested hypotheses, which showed the results we found that our results do not support 6 which includes 3 direct 2 mediating, and 1 moderating. It includes the capability of procurement digitally and Supply chain digital, internal data analytics and Supply chain digital, End-to-end visibility and Supply chain digital. 2 mediating which includes Automation, Supply chain digitally and Business performance, End to End Visibility, Supply chain digitally and business performance. 1 moderating which includes prior to digital platforms that moderates with Supply chain digitally and business performance. Research Limitations / ImplicationsThe current research gives helpful details to those working in logistics firm. It can help some small Logistics firms to switch towards digital supply chain. By using modernized techniques it can help them in improving organizational performance. This can lead to smart supply chain and can go to next level. Originality/Value We have analysed the moderated effects of prior to digital platforms between the digital supply chain.

Pakistan is at a crucial stage in the process of undergoing a political, social, and economic transformation. The performance of the public sector has a significant impact on the population. The public sector is undergoing consistent reform and development due to the requirements of the time. This study aims to locate and understand the elements that inhabit organizational transformation and development in Pakistan’s public sector. We adopted qualitative techniques and thematic analysis to find insights and answers to the research questions. The case study approach was utilized, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 public servants who have been part of the change process at public entities. The most significant factors of the research study relate to socioeconomics, the progression of technology, willingness for change, cultural effect, political will, the impact of elite decision-makers, and the improvement of administrative systems. These main themes have a significant impact on the progression of the process As an outcome of the study, we have developed a holistic model to understand public management reforms in Pakistan. This study will serve as a road map for policymakers to facilitate their decision-making process. Moreover, this is also beneficial for researchers in the public management field, legislatures, and various public entities. The research enhanced an understanding of institutional theory regarding organizational, change, transformation and development, within Pakistani public sector organizations.