A major potential advantage of creating thermoelectric devices using self-assembled molecular layers is their mechanical flexibility. Previous reports have discussed the advantage of this flexibility from the perspective of facile skin attachment and the ability to avoid mechanical deformation. In this work, we demonstrate that the thermoelectric properties of such molecular devices can be controlled by taking advantage of their mechanical flexibility. The thermoelectric properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) fabricated from thiol terminated molecules were measured with a modified AFM system, and the conformation of the SAMs was controlled by regulating the loading force between the organic thin film and the probe, which changes the tilt angle at the metal-molecule interface. We tracked the thermopower shift vs. the tilt angle of the SAM and showed that changes in both the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient combine to optimize the power factor at a specific angle. This optimization of thermoelectric performance via applied pressure is confirmed through the use of theoretical calculations and is expected to be a general method for optimising the power factor of SAMs.

If the Seebeck coefficient of single molecules or self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) could be predicted from measurements of their conductance–voltage (G–V) characteristics alone, then the experimentally more difficult task of creating a set-up to measure their thermoelectric properties could be avoided. This article highlights a novel strategy for predicting an upper bound to the Seebeck coefficient of single molecules or SAMs, from measurements of their G–V characteristics. The theory begins by making a fit to measured G–V curves using three fitting parameters, denoted a, b, c. This ‘ABC’ theory then predicts a maximum value for the magnitude of the corresponding Seebeck coefficient. This is a useful material parameter, because if the predicted upper bound is large, then the material would warrant further investigation using a full Seebeck-measurement setup. On the other hand, if the upper bound is small, then the material would not be promising and this much more technically demanding set of measurements would be avoided. Histograms of predicted Seebeck coefficients are compared with histograms of measured Seebeck coefficients for six different SAMs, formed from anthracene-based molecules with different anchor groups and are shown to be in excellent agreement.

Through an experimental and theoretical study, cross-plane thermoelectricity in Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) was enhanced by adding extra molecular layers, presenting a new strategy towards the design of high thermoelectric materials.

This work develops a Boundary Element Method (BEM) formulation for simulating bioheat transfer in perfused biological tissues using the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative in the Caputo sense (ABC). The ABC operator incorporates a nonsingular Mittag–Leffler kernel to model thermal memory effects while preserving compatibility with standard boundary conditions. The formulation combines boundary discretization with cell-based domain integration to account for volumetric heat sources, and a recursive time-stepping scheme to efficiently evaluate the fractional term. The model is applied to a one-dimensional cylindrical tissue domain subjected to metabolic heating and external energy deposition. Simulations are performed for multiple fractional orders, and the results are compared with classical BEM $(a=1.0)$, Caputo-based fractional BEM, and in vitro experimental temperature data. The fractional order $a\approx 0.894$ yields the best agreement with experimental measurements, reducing the maximum temperature error to 1.2% while maintaining moderate computational cost. These results indicate that the proposed BEM–ABC framework effectively captures nonlocal and time-delayed heat conduction effects in biological tissues and provides an efficient alternative to conventional fractional models for thermal analysis in biomedical applications.

In this manuscript, we proposed a novel framework of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy subfield (q-ROFSF) and illustrate that every Pythagorean fuzzy subfield is a q-rung orthopair fuzzy subfield of a certain field. We extend this theory and discuss its diverse basic algebraic characteristics in detail. Furthermore, we prove some fundamental results and establish helpful examples related to them. Moreover, we present the homomorphic images and pre-images of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy subfield (q-ROFSF) under field homomorphism. We provide a novel ideology of a non-standard fuzzy subfield in the extension of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy subfield (q-ROFSF).

The work considers a qubit interacting off-resonantly a nonlinear Kerr-like quantum-harmonic-oscillator cavity field through nonlinear intensity-dependent and one-photon interactions. The analytical solution for the master equation is obtained when the qubit starts with an excited pure state while the harmonic-oscillator field starts with a coherent state. The dynamics of the phase space Husimi-distribution and its Wehrl-Husimi entropy entanglement/mixedness is explored under the effects of the atom-field detuning, Kerr-like nonlinearity as well as atomic spontaneous-emission dissipation. For resonant case, the Wehrl-Husimi entropy qubit-oscillator entanglement and atomic mixedness are generated (due to the unitary nonlinear intensity-dependent evolution) with a regular oscillatory behavior. For off-resonant case, the quantum coherence is generated partially with a high-frequency irregular oscillatory behavior. The Kerr-like nonlinearity and the atomic spontaneous dissipation lead to enhancing the generated atomic mixedness Wehrl-Husimi entropy enhances and stabilizing the atomic state in a maximally mixed state. The phase space Husimi-distribution information dynamics of the corresponding the generated atomic mixed states confirms the vital link between the formed interference Husimi-distributions and the generated atomic Wehrl-Husimi entropy mixedness. It is found that the dynamics of the Husimi-distribution information and its Wehrl-Husimi entropy is highly sensitive to the qubit-cavity detuning, Kerr-like nonlinearity as well as the dissipation.