The paper presents the developed fiber-optic sensors for monitoring pressure measurement on the elements of mine supports. The sudden destruction of the support leads to the collapse of the mine workings and poses a serious threat to the life and safety of underground workers. A fiber-optic system for monitoring changes in pressures on the elements of mine supports will increase the share of mining automation and reduce the share of manual labor, as well as eliminate measurement errors associated with the human factor. Systematic monitoring of the state of the working elements of the support will allow timely tracking of their deformations caused by an increase in rock pressure on them. Implementation of the system at mining enterprises will expand the use of digital technologies in mining. Timely warning of a mine collapse threat will significantly increase the level of safe mining operations, as well as reduce the cost of supporting mine workings, since elimination of the consequences of destruction is associated with significant material costs. This work presents a developed laboratory testbench that simulates a mine working and elements of an arch support on which are installed the fiber-optic sensors connected to an automated measuring system. The developed hardware and software complex provides the processing of a light spot falling on the surface of a television matrix that is installed at the exit from the optical fiber. The results of visual processing are converted into numerical values, which are used to make a decision about the state of the considered object. In addition to automatic monitoring of the structural integrity condition of the considered object, the system is equipped with a function of a visual display for monitoring results, which makes it possible to track sharp fluctuations and bursts of pressure parameters, based on which the prediction of pre-emergency and emergency situations is performed.

Using the methods of quasi-classical kinetic theory, continuum electrodynamics, and non-relativistic quantum theory, we construct and study the quantum kinetic equation of proton relaxation, which, together with the Poisson operator equation describes the mechanism of diffusion tunneling transport of hydrogen ions (protons) in the potential field of a crystal lattice perturbed by a polarizing field (quantum diffusion polarization) in crystals with hydrogen bonds. Using the apparatus of the density matrix (statistical matrix), by complete quantum-mechanical averaging of the polarization operator, studies are carried out of the experimental value of the polarization of the dielectric, as a function of the parameters of the external electric field (amplitude, frequency of electromotive force) and temperature. When calculating the equilibrium density matrix for an ensemble of basic relaxers (hydrogen ions), the proton-proton and proton-phonon interactions are not taken into account, and the Hamilton operator for the phonon subsystem is assumed to be a numerical constant for a given crystal under given experimental conditions (calculated by computer method as a parameter for comparing the theory with the experiment). The influence of the phonon subsystem on the kinetics of the relaxation process is reduced to a weak spatially homogeneous force field acting on protons moving in the field of the main forces of hydrogen bonds. The Hamilton of the proton subsystem is constructed for the model of an ideal proton gas in equilibrium with the ionic subsystem of the crystal lattice, and the equilibrium statistical operator of the proton subsystem is written using the Boltzmann quantum statistics. Theoretically, the size effects are found to be manifested in shifts of the low-temperature (50–100 K) maxima of the dielectric loss angle tangent towards ultra-low temperatures (4–25 K) with a decrease in the amplitudes of the maxima by 3-4 orders of magnitude, with a reduction in the thickness of the crystal layer from 1–10 microns to 1–10 nm. The effect of anomalous displacements of low-temperature maxima, which is explained by the abnormally high quantum transparency of the potential barrier for protons (0.8-0.9) in thin films of a crystal with hydrogen bonds (1-10 nm), causes, near the temperatures of the shifted maxima of dielectric losses (4–25 K), a quasi-ferroelectric state, which is also characterized by abnormally high values of the real component of the complete dielectric permittivity (2.5–3.5millions).

This paper presents issues related to the development of a system for monitoring the displacement of the mountain range leading to the collapse of the sides of the quarry. The control system uses chiseled fiber-optic sensors. Fiberoptic sensors are based on Single Mode optical fibers. A laboratory sample of a point fiber-optic sensor based on a two-shoulder Mach-Zehnder interferometer using a Single Mode optical fiber for displacement control has been developed. The simulation stand of a laboratory sample of a fiber-optic sensor showed high measurement accuracy, linearity and can be used to control the stability of the sides of the quarry after the design has been improved. The experimental data obtained are processed using the Wolfram Alpha computer program. A hardware-software control complex has also been developed with a wide range of elements that allows you to adjust sensitivity and has machine learning elements.

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the architecture of IoT monitoring systems in the mining industry. It examines the implementation of Internet of Things technologies to improve the efficiency of monitoring and control in an industrial environment. The focus is on ensuring safe working conditions, increasing productivity and environmental sustainability, as well as compliance with regulatory requirements. Furthermore, this article examines the current state of information technology in the mining industry, with a focus on the risks and consequences caused by outdated equipment, unreliable software, and the degree of digitalisation. This study discusses the integration of IoT technologies into existing information systems in the mining industry, enhancing their levels of security, efficiency and sustainability. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the creation of a phenomenological model of an IoT system architecture suitable for a wide range of operations in the mining industry. The study provides a detailed analysis of process optimisation and the operation of distributed sensor systems that collect, process and analyse critical data in real time. Based on the information obtained, well-founded decisions are made regarding the implementation of intelligent monitoring and control systems designed to ensure sustainable operations.

Растущее число потребителей и нестабильный характер генерации возобновляемых источников энергии (ВИЭ) снижают эффективность традиционных методов моделирования крупных энергосистем. Метод диакоптики, основанный на декомпозиции системы на подсистемы, позволяет сократить объем вычислений, однако классические реализации требуют последовательного (итеративного) наращивания схемы, что приводит к высоким вычислительным затратам при масштабировании. В данной статье предлагается модификация метода диакоптики для расчета обобщенных параметров (Z-матриц) энергосистем. В отличие от классического подхода, основанного на последовательном наращивании схемы (например, классический метод Крона), предложенный метод учитывает топологию всей сети одновременно. Исследование базируется на теории графов (построение матриц инциденций и матриц токораспределения) и матричном анализе. Декомпозиция сложной системы на взаимодействующие подсистемы с различными характеристиками генерации и нагрузки позволяет независимо вычислять обобщенные параметры для каждой подсистемы с последующей интеграцией в общее решение, что сокращает объем вычислений и упрощает моделирование. Предложенный подход открывает возможности для анализа надежности, включая оценку резервирования узлов и выявление уязвимых элементов на основе графовых моделей, что способствует повышению устойчивости энергосистем в условиях интеграции ВИЭ. Разработанный алгоритм может служить основой для создания систем поддержки принятия решений при проектировании и эксплуатации крупных энергосистем. Ключевые слова: диакоптика, электрические сети, топология, теория графов, модель, узел, режим.