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Sang-Ryong Lee
Dongguk University

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Journal article
Published: 22 August 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Methane production from livestock farming is recognized as an important contributor to global GHGs. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) found in bovine rumen may be utilized as a substrate for methanogens to form CH4, and thus improvement of quantitative VFA measurements can help facilitate greater understanding and mitigation of CH4 production. This study aims to contribute to the development of more accurate methods for the quantification and specification of VFAs in bovine rumen. The VFAs were analyzed using the conventional method and an alternative catalytic esterification reaction (CER) method. Substantial differences in the detected concentrations of the C3+ VFAs (chain length ≥ 3) were observed between both methods, especially for butyric acid. Evaluation of the sensitivity of both methods to detecting the VFA concentrations in standard solutions confirmed that the values resulting from the CER method were closer to the known concentrations of the standard solution than those from the conventional method. The results of this study provide the first quantitative proof to show the improved accuracy of the measurements of C3+ VFAs when using the CER method compared with the conventional method. Therefore, the CER method can be recommended to analyze the VFAs found in rumen, especially butyric acid and other C3+ VFAs.

ACS Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Yunseo Cho; Hyuck K. Ju; Eunjeong Kim. Theoretical Methane Emission Estimation from Volatile Fatty Acids in Bovine Rumen Fluid. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7730 .

AMA Style

Sang-Ryong Lee, Yunseo Cho, Hyuck K. Ju, Eunjeong Kim. Theoretical Methane Emission Estimation from Volatile Fatty Acids in Bovine Rumen Fluid. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (16):7730.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Yunseo Cho; Hyuck K. Ju; Eunjeong Kim. 2021. "Theoretical Methane Emission Estimation from Volatile Fatty Acids in Bovine Rumen Fluid." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16: 7730.

Review
Published: 08 March 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was initially recognized as a factor that causes the necrosis of tumors, but it has been recently identified to have additional important functions as a pathological component of autoimmune diseases. TNF-α binds to two different receptors, which initiate signal transduction pathways. These pathways lead to various cellular responses, including cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. However, the inappropriate or excessive activation of TNF-α signaling is associated with chronic inflammation and can eventually lead to the development of pathological complications such as autoimmune diseases. Understanding of the TNF-α signaling mechanism has been expanded and applied for the treatment of immune diseases, which has resulted in the development of effective therapeutic tools, including TNF-α inhibitors. Currently, clinically approved TNF-α inhibitors have shown noticeable potency in a variety of autoimmune diseases, and novel TNF-α signaling inhibitors are being clinically evaluated. In this review, we briefly introduce the impact of TNF-α signaling on autoimmune diseases and its inhibitors, which are used as therapeutic agents against autoimmune diseases.

ACS Style

Dan-In Jang; A-Hyeon Lee; Hye-Yoon Shin; Hyo-Ryeong Song; Jong-Hwi Park; Tae-Bong Kang; Sang-Ryong Lee; Seung-Hoon Yang. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 2719 .

AMA Style

Dan-In Jang, A-Hyeon Lee, Hye-Yoon Shin, Hyo-Ryeong Song, Jong-Hwi Park, Tae-Bong Kang, Sang-Ryong Lee, Seung-Hoon Yang. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (5):2719.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dan-In Jang; A-Hyeon Lee; Hye-Yoon Shin; Hyo-Ryeong Song; Jong-Hwi Park; Tae-Bong Kang; Sang-Ryong Lee; Seung-Hoon Yang. 2021. "The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2719.

Preprint content
Published: 20 June 2020
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The behavior of the cinnamycin on the biomimetic membrane was studied with respect to the curvature of the phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)-included membrane with the adhesion measured by the atomic force microscope(AFM). The membrane was formed through vesicle fusion on the hydrophobic surface of the sphere spheres, which was used to define the curvature of the membrane. The hydrophobicity was generated by the reaction of alkyl-silane and analyzed with the X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The cinnamycin, immobilized covalently to the AFM tip coated with 1-mercapto-1-undecanol that was observed inert to any adhesion to the membrane, showed that the adhesion became stronger with the increase in the curvature. The correlation between the adhesion and the curvature was linearly proportional. Previously, it was found that the cinnamycin was bound to PE headgroup and the binding was enhanced by the interaction of the hydrophobic area located at one side of the cinnamycin. Therefore, the linear proportionality seems to suggest that the interaction is related to the one dimensional orientation of the binding.Statement of SignificanceThe behavior of the cinnamycin was studied on the phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)-included membrane with respect to the curvature of the membrane. The cinnamycin, immobilized covalently to the atomic force microscope, showed that the adhesion became stronger linearly with the increase in the curvature. Previously, it was found that the specific binding between the cinnamycin and PE headgroup was enhanced by the interaction of the hydrophobic area located at one side of the cinnamycin. Therefore, the linear proportionality seems to suggest that the interaction is related to the one dimensional orientation of the binding.

ACS Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Yeseul Park; Jin-Won Park. Curvature effect of PE-included membrane on the behavior of cinnamycin on the membrane. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Sang-Ryong Lee, Yeseul Park, Jin-Won Park. Curvature effect of PE-included membrane on the behavior of cinnamycin on the membrane. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Yeseul Park; Jin-Won Park. 2020. "Curvature effect of PE-included membrane on the behavior of cinnamycin on the membrane." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2019 in Agronomy
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Deficiencies in phosphorus (P), an essential factor for plant growth and aided phytostabilization, are commonly observed in soil, especially near mining areas. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of P-based fertilizer types on arsenic (As) extractability and phytotoxicity in As-contaminated soil after stabilizer treatment. Different treatments with respect to the P-releasing characteristics were applied to soil to determine As mobility and phytotoxicity in P-based fertilizers, with bone meal as a slow-releasing P fertilizer and fused superphosphate as a fast-releasing P fertilizer. In addition, P fertilizers were used to enhance plant growth, and two types of iron (Fe)-based stabilizers (steel slang and acid mine drainage sludge) were also used to reduce As mobility in As-contaminated soil under lab-scale conditions. A water-soluble extraction was conducted to determine As and P extractability. A phytotoxicity test using bok choy (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl.) was performed to assess the elongation and accumulation of As and P. Within a single treatment, the As stabilization was higher in steel slag (84%) than in acid mine drainage sludge (27%), and the P supply effect was higher in fused superphosphate (24740%) than in bone meal (160%) compared to the control. However, a large dose of fused superphosphate (2%) increased not only the water-soluble P, but also the water-soluble As, and consequently, increased As uptake by bok choy roots, leading to phytotoxicity. In combined treatments, the tendency towards change was similar to that of the single treatment, but the degree of change was decreased compared to the single treatment, thereby decreasing the risk of phytotoxicity. In particular, the toxicity observed in the fused superphosphate treatments did not appear in the bone meal treatment, but rather the growth enhancement effect appeared. These results indicate that the simultaneous application of bone meal and stabilizers might be proposed and could effectively increase plant growth via the stabilization of As and supplementation with P over the long term.

ACS Style

Min-Suk Kim; Hyun-Gi Min; Jeong-Gyu Kim; Sang-Ryong Lee. Estimating Arsenic Mobility and Phytotoxicity Using Two Different Phosphorous Fertilizer Release Rates in Soil. Agronomy 2019, 9, 111 .

AMA Style

Min-Suk Kim, Hyun-Gi Min, Jeong-Gyu Kim, Sang-Ryong Lee. Estimating Arsenic Mobility and Phytotoxicity Using Two Different Phosphorous Fertilizer Release Rates in Soil. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (3):111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min-Suk Kim; Hyun-Gi Min; Jeong-Gyu Kim; Sang-Ryong Lee. 2019. "Estimating Arsenic Mobility and Phytotoxicity Using Two Different Phosphorous Fertilizer Release Rates in Soil." Agronomy 9, no. 3: 111.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Accumulation of solid waste has intensified with the increase in world population and industrialization. Most importantly, wastes of animal origin such as animal manures and tannery wastes are a major under-utilized resource in most countries with potential for utilization in crop production. This study evaluated the potential of solid state hydrolyzed tannery animal fleshing (SSF-ANFL) and submerged state hydrolyzed tannery ANFL (SmF-ANFL) vermicompost and compost amended soils on the growth, yield and chemical characteristics of tomatoes. It was interesting to observe that of most measured parameters, the SSF amended treatments resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) the highest measurements compared to the SmF amended treatments. On average, the SSF vermicompost resulted in a 10%, 8.9% and 14% higher plant height, stem girth and leaf numbers, respectively, compared to other treatments combined. It was also noteworthy that, for the same parameters, the SSF-ANFL based treatments resulted in a 7.7%, 10.1% and 7.4% higher plant height, stem girth and leaf numbers, respectively, relative to the SmF-ANFL based treatments. The study demonstrates the potential of animal fleshing based vermicomposts as nutrient sources in crop production.

ACS Style

Balasubramani Ravindran; Sang Ryong Lee; Soon Woong Chang; Dinh Duc Nguyen; Woo Jin Chung; Ravindran Balasubramani; Hupenyu Allan Mupambwa; Mariadhas Valan Arasu; Naif Abdullah Al‐Dhabi; Ganesan Sekaran. Positive effects of compost and vermicompost produced from tannery waste-animal fleshing on the growth and yield of commercial crop-tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 234, 154 -158.

AMA Style

Balasubramani Ravindran, Sang Ryong Lee, Soon Woong Chang, Dinh Duc Nguyen, Woo Jin Chung, Ravindran Balasubramani, Hupenyu Allan Mupambwa, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Naif Abdullah Al‐Dhabi, Ganesan Sekaran. Positive effects of compost and vermicompost produced from tannery waste-animal fleshing on the growth and yield of commercial crop-tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 234 ():154-158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balasubramani Ravindran; Sang Ryong Lee; Soon Woong Chang; Dinh Duc Nguyen; Woo Jin Chung; Ravindran Balasubramani; Hupenyu Allan Mupambwa; Mariadhas Valan Arasu; Naif Abdullah Al‐Dhabi; Ganesan Sekaran. 2019. "Positive effects of compost and vermicompost produced from tannery waste-animal fleshing on the growth and yield of commercial crop-tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plant." Journal of Environmental Management 234, no. : 154-158.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Excessive nutrients and toxic gas emissions from animal manure management are of great global concern, with negative environmental and economic consequences worldwide. Due to biochar recalcitrance and sorption properties, this study investigated the effect of the biochar(BC) derived from bamboo, amendment on swine manure(SM) composting efficiency through physical, physio-chemical, gaseous emissions, microbiological, and phytotoxic analysis during the 56 day process of in-vessel composting. The treatments were set-up from different ratios of biochar to swine manure mixed with sawdust(SD)(i.e. SM + SD + 3%BC(T1), SM:SD + 5 %BC(T2) and SM:SD + 10 %BC (T3)), while treatment without biochar amendment was used as a control, SM:SD(C). The results showed that, compared to the control, biochar amended compost mixtures had significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) bulk density, organic matter(OM), C:N ratio, NH3 emission, pathogenic microorganisms, and phytotoxicity effect (Cress seed, Lepidium sativum Linn.). On the other hand, biochar amendment mixtures had increased total porosity, water holding capacity, rapid thermophilic temperature, and nitrate nitrogen. However, with the most prominent effects in terms of the nutrient quality and degradation rate of compost mixtures, the amendment of 10% biochar is recommended for swine manure management through the composting process.

ACS Style

Balasubramani Ravindran; Dinh Duc Nguyen; Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary; Soon Woong Chang; Jaisoo Kim; Sang-Ryong Lee; Joungdu Shin; Byong-Hun Jeon; Seokjoo Chung; Jaejoung Lee. Influence of biochar on physico-chemical and microbial community during swine manure composting process. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 232, 592 -599.

AMA Style

Balasubramani Ravindran, Dinh Duc Nguyen, Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary, Soon Woong Chang, Jaisoo Kim, Sang-Ryong Lee, Joungdu Shin, Byong-Hun Jeon, Seokjoo Chung, Jaejoung Lee. Influence of biochar on physico-chemical and microbial community during swine manure composting process. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 232 ():592-599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balasubramani Ravindran; Dinh Duc Nguyen; Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary; Soon Woong Chang; Jaisoo Kim; Sang-Ryong Lee; Joungdu Shin; Byong-Hun Jeon; Seokjoo Chung; Jaejoung Lee. 2018. "Influence of biochar on physico-chemical and microbial community during swine manure composting process." Journal of Environmental Management 232, no. : 592-599.

Research article
Published: 11 September 2018 in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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The potential of various biochars to remove 15 odorous volatile organic compounds emitted from swine manure were investigated via laboratory sorption experiments. Nine biochars made from pyrolyzing poultry litter, swine manure, oak, and coconut shell at 350 °C and 500 °C and a commercial coconut-shell activated carbon were evaluated for their sorption capacities toward the odorous compounds. These 15 odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) consisted of reduced sulfur compounds, volatile fatty acids, phenolic, and indolic compounds. The sorption capacities of these biochars were investigated using a laboratory-scale sorption column system. Among the 15 targeted VOCs, acetic acid was the most predominant compound in the emitted gas from swine manure; however, its contribution to the complex swine manure odor mixture was minimal. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) were the two most odor-causing VOCs in the swine manure emissions based on single compound odor active values. Livestock-manure-based biochars were poor sorbents for DMDS and DMTS. In contrast, plant-biomass-based biochars had considerably larger sorption capacity for DMDS and DMTS. Oak biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C (OK500) showed high sorption capacities for both DMDS and DMTS. Although the sorption capacity of OK500 for DMDS is less than that of commercial activated carbon, it may provide additional income for users if the spent OK500 biochar can be sold as a soil amendment.

ACS Style

Okhwa Hwang; Sang-Ryong Lee; SungBack Cho; Kyoung S. Ro; Mindy Spiehs; Bryan Woodbury; Philip Silva; Deug-Woo Han; Heechul Choi; Ki-Yong Kim; Min-Woong Jung. Efficacy of Different Biochars in Removing Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Swine Manure. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2018, 6, 14239 -14247.

AMA Style

Okhwa Hwang, Sang-Ryong Lee, SungBack Cho, Kyoung S. Ro, Mindy Spiehs, Bryan Woodbury, Philip Silva, Deug-Woo Han, Heechul Choi, Ki-Yong Kim, Min-Woong Jung. Efficacy of Different Biochars in Removing Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Swine Manure. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2018; 6 (11):14239-14247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Okhwa Hwang; Sang-Ryong Lee; SungBack Cho; Kyoung S. Ro; Mindy Spiehs; Bryan Woodbury; Philip Silva; Deug-Woo Han; Heechul Choi; Ki-Yong Kim; Min-Woong Jung. 2018. "Efficacy of Different Biochars in Removing Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted from Swine Manure." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 11: 14239-14247.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2018 in Sustainability
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For feasibility of carbon sequestration as well as in the mitigation of greenhouse gases for application of biochar pellet, this experiment was conducted, focusing on the adsorption characteristics of NH4-N on biochar pellet mixed with different ratios of pig manure compost. For NH4-N adsorption on biochar pellets, the loading amount of biochar pellet was 211.5 mg in 50 mL of aqueous solution, and the adsorption fitted very well with Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption and removal rates were 2.94 mg g−1 and 92.2%, respectively, in the pellet that contained 90% of biochar. It was also observed, by kinetic models, that NH4-N was adsorbed fast on biochar pellet with a combination ratio of 9:1 of biochar pellet/pig manure. It was further observed that the higher the amount of biochar contained in the biochar pellet, the greater the adsorption of NH4-N. For the plant response observed for lettuce, it was shown that the leaf biomass in plots treated with a 9:1 biochar/pig manure compost increased by approximately 13% compared with the leaf biomass in plots treated with the compost alone. The leaf biomass of the other treatments was higher than that of the control. This implies that the application of biochar pellets, regardless of the biochar contents, might be useful for soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation for agricultural practices.

ACS Style

Joungdu Shin; Eunjung Choi; Eunsuk Jang; Seung Gil Hong; Sangryong Lee; Balasubramani Ravindran. Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen and Plant Responses to Biochar Pellet. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1331 .

AMA Style

Joungdu Shin, Eunjung Choi, Eunsuk Jang, Seung Gil Hong, Sangryong Lee, Balasubramani Ravindran. Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen and Plant Responses to Biochar Pellet. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joungdu Shin; Eunjung Choi; Eunsuk Jang; Seung Gil Hong; Sangryong Lee; Balasubramani Ravindran. 2018. "Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen and Plant Responses to Biochar Pellet." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1331.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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To develop the environmentally benign thermo-chemical process, this study placed great emphasis on the influence of CO2 on pyrolysis of cattle excreta for energy recovery. To this end, this study evaluates the possible enhanced energy recovery from cattle excreta using CO2 as reaction medium/feedstock in the thermal degradation of cattle excreta. The enhanced generation of CO in the presence of CO2 reached up to 15.15mol% (reference value: 0.369mol%) at 690°C, which was equivalent to ~4000 times more generation of CO. In addition to the enhanced generation of CO, the enhanced generation of H2 and CH4 in the thermal degradation of cattle excreta in CO2. Thus, the findings of this study revealed two genuine roles of CO2: 1) enhanced thermal cracking of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) evolved from the thermal degradation of cattle excreta and 2) direct reaction between VOCs and CO2 via gas phase reaction.

ACS Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Seong-Heon Cho; Jeong-Ik Oh; Hana Kim; Daniel C.W. Tsang; Eilhann E. Kwon. Carbon dioxide assisted thermal decomposition of cattle excreta. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 615, 70 -77.

AMA Style

Sang-Ryong Lee, Jechan Lee, Taewoo Lee, Seong-Heon Cho, Jeong-Ik Oh, Hana Kim, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Eilhann E. Kwon. Carbon dioxide assisted thermal decomposition of cattle excreta. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 615 ():70-77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Seong-Heon Cho; Jeong-Ik Oh; Hana Kim; Daniel C.W. Tsang; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2018. "Carbon dioxide assisted thermal decomposition of cattle excreta." Science of The Total Environment 615, no. : 70-77.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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This report proposes a new approach to evaluate the odour nuisance of cattle manure samples from three different cattle breeds (i.e., native cattle, beef cattle, and milk cow) by means of quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). To this end, non-catalytic esterification thermally induced in the presence of a porous material (silica) was undertaken, and the optimal operational parameters such as the derivatizing temperature (330°C) for the maximum yield (≥99±0.4%) of volatile fatty acid methyl esters (VFAMEs) were established. Among the VFA species in cattle manure based on quantification of VFAs, the major species were acetic, butyric and valeric acid. Considering the odour threshold of each VFA, our experimental results suggested that the major contributors to odour nuisance were C VFA species (i.e., butyric and valeric acid). Hydrothermal treatment was performed at 150°C for 0-40min to correlate the formation of VFAs with different types of cattle feed formulations. Our experimental data demonstrated that the formation of total VFAs is linearly proportional to the hydrothermal treatment duration and the total content of VFAs in native cattle, beef cattle, and milk cow manure samples reached up to ~1000, ~3200, and ~2800ppm, respectively. Thus, this study demonstrated that the degree of VFA formation is highly dependent on cattle feed formulations, which rely significantly on the protein content. Furthermore, the hydrothermal treatment provides a favourable condition for generating more VFAs. In this context, producing cattle manure into refused derived fuel (RDF) via a hydrothermal treatment is not a viable option to control odour.

ACS Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Seong-Heon Cho; Jieun Kim; Jeong-Ik Oh; Dan Tsang; Kwang-Hwa Jeong; Eilhann E. Kwon. Quantification of volatile fatty acids from cattle manure via non-catalytic esterification for odour indication. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 610-611, 992 -996.

AMA Style

Sang-Ryong Lee, Jechan Lee, Seong-Heon Cho, Jieun Kim, Jeong-Ik Oh, Dan Tsang, Kwang-Hwa Jeong, Eilhann E. Kwon. Quantification of volatile fatty acids from cattle manure via non-catalytic esterification for odour indication. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 610-611 ():992-996.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Seong-Heon Cho; Jieun Kim; Jeong-Ik Oh; Dan Tsang; Kwang-Hwa Jeong; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2018. "Quantification of volatile fatty acids from cattle manure via non-catalytic esterification for odour indication." Science of The Total Environment 610-611, no. : 992-996.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of CO2 Utilization
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ACS Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Yiu Fai Tsang; Kwang-Hwa Jeong; Jeong-Ik Oh; Eilhann E. Kwon. Strategic use of CO 2 for co-pyrolysis of swine manure and coal for energy recovery and waste disposal. Journal of CO2 Utilization 2017, 22, 110 -116.

AMA Style

Sang-Ryong Lee, Jechan Lee, Taewoo Lee, Yiu Fai Tsang, Kwang-Hwa Jeong, Jeong-Ik Oh, Eilhann E. Kwon. Strategic use of CO 2 for co-pyrolysis of swine manure and coal for energy recovery and waste disposal. Journal of CO2 Utilization. 2017; 22 ():110-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Yiu Fai Tsang; Kwang-Hwa Jeong; Jeong-Ik Oh; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Strategic use of CO 2 for co-pyrolysis of swine manure and coal for energy recovery and waste disposal." Journal of CO2 Utilization 22, no. : 110-116.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Jechan Lee; Jong-Min Jung; Chanhyuk Park; Byong-Hun Jeon; Chi-Hwa Wang; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. Rapid conversion of fat, oil and grease (FOG) into biodiesel without pre-treatment of FOG. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 168, 1211 -1216.

AMA Style

Jechan Lee, Jong-Min Jung, Chanhyuk Park, Byong-Hun Jeon, Chi-Hwa Wang, Sang-Ryong Lee, Eilhann E. Kwon. Rapid conversion of fat, oil and grease (FOG) into biodiesel without pre-treatment of FOG. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 168 ():1211-1216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jechan Lee; Jong-Min Jung; Chanhyuk Park; Byong-Hun Jeon; Chi-Hwa Wang; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Rapid conversion of fat, oil and grease (FOG) into biodiesel without pre-treatment of FOG." Journal of Cleaner Production 168, no. : 1211-1216.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Environmental Pollution
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This study lays great emphasis on establishing a reliable analytical platform to quantify and specify volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the aqueous phase by derivatizing VFAs into their corresponding alkyl esters via thermally-induced rapid esterification (only 10 s reaction time). To this end, reaction conditions for the thermally-induced rapid esterification are optimized. A volumetric ratio of 0.5 at 400 °C for VFA/methanol is identified as the optimal reaction conditions to give ∼90% volatile fatty acid methyl ester (VFAME) yield. To maintain a high yield of VFAMEs, this study suggests that dilution of the sample to an optimum concentration (∼500 ppm for each VFA) is required. Derivatization of VFAs into VFAMEs via the thermally-induced rapid esterification is more reliable to quantify and specify VFAs in the aqueous phase than conventional colorimetric method.

ACS Style

Jechan Lee; Jieun Kim; Jeong-Ik Oh; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. Quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids in the aqueous phase. Environmental Pollution 2017, 230, 81 -86.

AMA Style

Jechan Lee, Jieun Kim, Jeong-Ik Oh, Sang-Ryong Lee, Eilhann E. Kwon. Quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids in the aqueous phase. Environmental Pollution. 2017; 230 ():81-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jechan Lee; Jieun Kim; Jeong-Ik Oh; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids in the aqueous phase." Environmental Pollution 230, no. : 81-86.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Bioresource Technology
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This study laid an emphasis on the possible employment of biochar generated from pyrolysis of chicken manure to establish a green platform for producing biodiesel. To this end, the pseudo-catalytic transesterification reaction using chicken manure biochar and waste cooking oil was investigated. Compared with a commercial porous material (SiO2), chicken manure biochar generated from 350°C showed better performance, resulting in 95.6% of the FAME yield at 350°C. The Ca species in chicken manure biochar imparted strong catalytic capability by providing the basicity for transesterification. The identified catalytic effect also led to the thermal cracking of unsaturated FAMEs, which decreased the overall FAME yield. For example, 40-60% of converted FAMEs were thermally degraded. To avoid undesirable thermal cracking arising from the high content of the Ca species in chicken manure biochar, the fabrication of chicken manure biochar at temperatures ≥350°C was highly recommended.

ACS Style

Jong-Min Jung; Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Dan Tsang; Eilhann E. Kwon. Biodiesel synthesis using chicken manure biochar and waste cooking oil. Bioresource Technology 2017, 244, 810 -815.

AMA Style

Jong-Min Jung, Sang-Ryong Lee, Jechan Lee, Taewoo Lee, Dan Tsang, Eilhann E. Kwon. Biodiesel synthesis using chicken manure biochar and waste cooking oil. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 244 ():810-815.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jong-Min Jung; Sang-Ryong Lee; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Dan Tsang; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Biodiesel synthesis using chicken manure biochar and waste cooking oil." Bioresource Technology 244, no. : 810-815.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Jechan Lee; Dongho Choi; Yong Sik Ok; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. Enhancement of energy recovery from chicken manure by pyrolysis in carbon dioxide. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 164, 146 -152.

AMA Style

Jechan Lee, Dongho Choi, Yong Sik Ok, Sang-Ryong Lee, Eilhann E. Kwon. Enhancement of energy recovery from chicken manure by pyrolysis in carbon dioxide. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 164 ():146-152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jechan Lee; Dongho Choi; Yong Sik Ok; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Enhancement of energy recovery from chicken manure by pyrolysis in carbon dioxide." Journal of Cleaner Production 164, no. : 146-152.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Journal of CO2 Utilization
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ACS Style

Dong-Wan Cho; Eilhann E. Kwon; Gihoon Kwon; Shicheng Zhang; Sang-Ryong Lee; Hocheol Song. Co-pyrolysis of paper mill sludge and spend coffee ground using CO2 as reaction medium. Journal of CO2 Utilization 2017, 21, 572 -579.

AMA Style

Dong-Wan Cho, Eilhann E. Kwon, Gihoon Kwon, Shicheng Zhang, Sang-Ryong Lee, Hocheol Song. Co-pyrolysis of paper mill sludge and spend coffee ground using CO2 as reaction medium. Journal of CO2 Utilization. 2017; 21 ():572-579.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong-Wan Cho; Eilhann E. Kwon; Gihoon Kwon; Shicheng Zhang; Sang-Ryong Lee; Hocheol Song. 2017. "Co-pyrolysis of paper mill sludge and spend coffee ground using CO2 as reaction medium." Journal of CO2 Utilization 21, no. : 572-579.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Taewoo Lee; Jechan Lee; Yong Sik Ok; Jeong-Ik Oh; Sang-Ryong Lee; Jörg Rinklebe; Eilhann E. Kwon. Utilizing CO2 to suppress the generation of harmful chemicals from thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 162, 1465 -1471.

AMA Style

Taewoo Lee, Jechan Lee, Yong Sik Ok, Jeong-Ik Oh, Sang-Ryong Lee, Jörg Rinklebe, Eilhann E. Kwon. Utilizing CO2 to suppress the generation of harmful chemicals from thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 162 ():1465-1471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taewoo Lee; Jechan Lee; Yong Sik Ok; Jeong-Ik Oh; Sang-Ryong Lee; Jörg Rinklebe; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Utilizing CO2 to suppress the generation of harmful chemicals from thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride." Journal of Cleaner Production 162, no. : 1465-1471.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Jong-Min Jung; Jechan Lee; Dongho Choi; Jeong-Ik Oh; Sang-Ryong Lee; Jae-Kon Kim; Eilhann E. Kwon. Biochar as porous media for thermally-induced non-catalytic transesterification to synthesize fatty acid ethyl esters from coconut oil. Energy Conversion and Management 2017, 145, 308 -313.

AMA Style

Jong-Min Jung, Jechan Lee, Dongho Choi, Jeong-Ik Oh, Sang-Ryong Lee, Jae-Kon Kim, Eilhann E. Kwon. Biochar as porous media for thermally-induced non-catalytic transesterification to synthesize fatty acid ethyl esters from coconut oil. Energy Conversion and Management. 2017; 145 ():308-313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jong-Min Jung; Jechan Lee; Dongho Choi; Jeong-Ik Oh; Sang-Ryong Lee; Jae-Kon Kim; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Biochar as porous media for thermally-induced non-catalytic transesterification to synthesize fatty acid ethyl esters from coconut oil." Energy Conversion and Management 145, no. : 308-313.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2017 in Journal of CO2 Utilization
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This study laid great emphasis on strategic use of CO2 as reaction medium and raw material for energy recovery from food waste via shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas. Thus, the mechanistic understanding of CO2 in pyrolysis of food waste was investigated systematically in this study. To this end, the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of food waste in N2 and CO2 was carried out. The TGA test evidenced that any physical aspects describing the thermal degradation such as onset and end temperature were not influenced by CO2. A scale-up experimental work was also conducted with a batch-type tubular reactor to figure out any chemical influences induced by CO2 in pyrolysis of food waste. CO2 in pyrolysis of food waste imparted the genuine capability for shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas. CO2 led to carbon distribution shift from pyrolytic oil to syngas (i.e., enhanced generation of H2 and CO). Particularly, the generation of CO evolved from pyrolysis of food waste in CO2 was substantially enhanced by a factor of 100 at 800 °C. Thus, all experimental findings in this study significantly introduced an innovative way to use CO2 as energy resources, thereby substantially boosting the sustainability in the thermo-chemical process.

ACS Style

Jeong-Ik Oh; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Yong Sik Ok; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. Strategic CO 2 utilization for shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas in pyrolysis of food waste. Journal of CO2 Utilization 2017, 20, 150 -155.

AMA Style

Jeong-Ik Oh, Jechan Lee, Taewoo Lee, Yong Sik Ok, Sang-Ryong Lee, Eilhann E. Kwon. Strategic CO 2 utilization for shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas in pyrolysis of food waste. Journal of CO2 Utilization. 2017; 20 ():150-155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeong-Ik Oh; Jechan Lee; Taewoo Lee; Yong Sik Ok; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Strategic CO 2 utilization for shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas in pyrolysis of food waste." Journal of CO2 Utilization 20, no. : 150-155.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Bioresource Technology
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This study focuses on investigating the optimized chemical composition of biochar used as porous material for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. To this end, six biochars from different sources were prepared and biodiesel yield obtained from pseudo-catalytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using six biochars were measured. Biodiesel yield and optimal reaction temperature for pseudo-catalytic transesterification were strongly dependent on the raw material of biochar. For example, biochar generated from maize residue exhibited the best performance, which yield was reached ∼90% at 300°C; however, the maximum biodiesel yield with pine cone biochar was 43% at 380°C. The maximum achievable yield of biodiesel was sensitive to the lignin content of biomass source of biochar but not sensitive to the cellulose and hemicellulose content. This study provides an insight for screening the most effective biochar as pseudo-catalytic porous material, thereby helping develop more sustainable and economically viable biodiesel synthesis process.

ACS Style

Jechan Lee; Jong-Min Jung; Jeong-Ik Oh; Yong Sik Ok; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. Evaluating the effectiveness of various biochars as porous media for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. Bioresource Technology 2017, 231, 59 -64.

AMA Style

Jechan Lee, Jong-Min Jung, Jeong-Ik Oh, Yong Sik Ok, Sang-Ryong Lee, Eilhann E. Kwon. Evaluating the effectiveness of various biochars as porous media for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 231 ():59-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jechan Lee; Jong-Min Jung; Jeong-Ik Oh; Yong Sik Ok; Sang-Ryong Lee; Eilhann E. Kwon. 2017. "Evaluating the effectiveness of various biochars as porous media for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification." Bioresource Technology 231, no. : 59-64.