Biodegradable magnesium alloys have emerged as promising alternatives to permanent metallic implants due to their unique combination of mechanical compatibility with bone and complete resorption, addressing the persistent issues of stress shielding and secondary removal surgeries. This review critically examines the historical development of magnesium-based biomaterials, highlighting advances in alloy design, manufacturing processes, and surface engineering that now enable tailored degradation and improved clinical performance. Drawing on recent clinical and preclinical studies, we summarize improvements in corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility that have supported the clinical translation of magnesium alloys across a variety of orthopedic and emerging medical applications. However, challenges remain, including unpredictable in vivo degradation kinetics, limited long-term safety data, lack of standardized testing protocols, and ongoing regulatory uncertainties. We conclude that while magnesium-based biomaterials have advanced from experimental concepts to clinically validated solutions, further progress in personalized degradation control, real-time monitoring, and harmonized regulatory frameworks is needed to fully realize their transformative clinical potential.

The objective of the paper is the development of the method for the calculation of the required force of shaping of a horizontal shape-forming machine used in the preproduction workflow. The design of a machine for horizontal shape-forming of wheel steel rims enables quick readjusting and transfer to another rim shape, which is significant under the conditions of frequent alteration of the product nomenclature. We developed the calculation method based on the assumptions of the deformations continuity, the constancy of the volume at plastic deformation and axisymmetric stressed state as well as the local application of the load. The research resulted in obtaining the analytical dependences for the calculation of the force of shaping of a wheel rim, taking into account the degree of deformation, the mechanical characteristics of the metal, hardening as well as the design and technological factors of the process. The topicality of the development consists in the necessity for the high-quality and the least expensive choice of the equipment of the required rated power when designing a new workflow. The experimental data, carried out both under the production and laboratory conditions, confirmed the adequacy of the theoretical formulas. It is determined by the assumptions and solutions obtained based on the mathematical apparatus of the technical theory of the shells of revolution. The clearness of the method will make it possible to algorithmize the calculation process quite easily and to use it as a subprogram in an applied complex of technical preproduction. It will also allow determining the shaping process most significant factors influencing the value of the force without the direct use of the calculation. We recommend to use it at enterprises producing vehicle steel wheels by the method of radial-rotation shaping.

The paper improves the calculation methodology of metal temperature loss during hot rolling process at continuous mills. The proposed methodology can be implemented at hot strip mills with various in-line equipment arrangements within the temperature ranges appropriate for processes simulation of hot rolling, normalized rolling and Thermo-Mechanical Control Process of carbon and microalloyed steels. It provides engineering analysis of unaccounted temperature losses of feed by means of radiation and convection, which, in the first time, through the time factor, additionally accounts for strip motion speed factors, roller table length and feed length, and also length of rolls contact arc with metal. The accountability of the above mentioned factors in the various compositions depending on the rolling method increases the engineering simulation accuracy, ensures the versatility of the elaborated method with respect to different types of mills and makes the scientific novelty of the study. The equations were developed to calculate the metal temperature loss while coiling at the CoilBox unit. The equations accounts for the influence on the temperature of strip length, coiling and uncoiling speed, strip thickness, inside radius of the reeling coil, the time the feed rests being coiled. The improved model was verified based on actual data.

The obtained phenomenological model of hardening G3Si1 and Sb08-G2S low-carbon welding wire during multistage drawing establishes the dependence of the hardening curve coefficients (hardening index and hardening modulus) on the integral tensile strain. The obtained model makes it possible to calculate the hardening curve, strength, and plasticity indicators of metal products based on the results of wire rod testing in the delivery state.