Background: Triglyceride-glucose index is a product of triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and is a new index of insulin resistance found to correlate with direct measurements. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gallstones and triglyceride-glucose index (TGI). Methods: A total of 210 patients were included in this retrospective study. Overall, 105 patients with gallstones were included in the patient group. Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic diseases, malignant diseases, and patients using cholesterol-lowering drugs were excluded from the study. Healthy individuals (105 cases) were selected for the control group. TGI was calculated separately for each individual using the following formula: (TGI) = ln (fasting TG (mg/dL) x fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2) Results: Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with gallstones compared to the control group (P=0.001). Plasma HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in patients with gallstones compared to the control group (P=0.001). The triglyceride glucose index was significantly higher in patients with gallstones compared to the control group (P<0.001). When the relationship between body mass index and TGI was analyzed, TGI was lower in patients with normal BMI compared to overweight or obese patients (P<0.001). Conclusion: Increased triglyceride/glucose index in patients with gallstones is an indicator of insulin resistance. It is instrumental in demonstrating the presence of insulin resistance in patients with gallstones and may be a useful guide in earlier detection, prevention, and treatment of insulin resistance.

Introduction. In the aftermath of natural disasters, hospitals often face a surge of patients with emergency injuries, posing significant challenges to emergency medical response systems. Effective biomarkers are essential for patient follow-up, treatment, and prognosis prediction. Studies to date have attempted to identify indicators of crush syndrome. With this study, we aimed to add to the growing body of literature on this subject. Methods. This single-center retrospective study analyzed 185 patients admitted with earthquake-related crush injuries between February and March 2023. They were compared with 1,065 patients who were also trapped during the earthquake but did not develop crush syndrome. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were utilized for the analysis. Results. Patients with crush syndrome exhibited significantly higher levels of blood glucose, D-dimer, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammatory index compared to those without crush syndrome (p < 0.001). Additionally, they had a higher prevalence of upper extremity fractures, lower extremity fractures, pelvic fractures, abdominal trauma, chest trauma, lower extremity trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and intraabdominal bleeding (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Systemic inflammatory indices and biochemical values can be valuable prognostic tools in managing patients after a disaster. Utilizing these indices may enhance the efficient allocation of hospital resources and enable rapid intervention for high-risk patients.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem worldwide. As glycemic control worsens, the risk of both microvascular and macrovascular complications increases. . The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood glucose regulation and two different parameters: uric acid/HDL ratio (UHR) and monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR) in male subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 166 male patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 83 healthy adult men as a control cohort were included. Diabetic male participants were equally divided into two subgroups: the group with uncontrolled blood glucose (HbA1c levels exceeding 7, n=83) and the group with good glycemic control (HbA1c levels at or below 7, n=83). Our analysis included assessment of several serum markers, including triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), uric acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, white blood cell, hemoglobin and platelet levels. In addition, uric acid/HDL ratio, body mass index and monocyte/HDL ratio were compared. Results: Creatinine levels were normal in all study participants and ages were similar in the groups. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to the healthy group (P

To investigate the effect of parathormone and thyroid hormones, along with their associated biochemical factors in individuals with and without symptoms indicative of temporomandibular disorder (TMDs) admitted to the internal medicine department. The study involved 416 participants with symptoms indicative of TMDs and 415 controls. Serum concentrations of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (Anti-TPO Ab), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, creatine kinase, haemoglobin, ferritin, C-reactive protein and sedimentation rate were analysed. The serum level of anti-TPO Ab was found to be elevated in participants with symptoms indicative of TMDs in comparison to controls (p < .001). However, no significant differences were observed in the other parameters assessed between the two groups (p > .05). Serum concentrations of parathormone and thyroid hormones associated biochemical factors are not affected in participants with symptoms indicative of TMDs except Anti-TPO Ab.

The relationship between insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index between patients with euthyroid HT and healthy controls. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 1,000 patients aged 18–50 who visited the internal medicine outpatient clinic at Mersin City Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2020, and June 1, 2022. The study population was separated into two groups: 495 adult patients diagnosed with eutyroid HT and a control group of 505 individuals who visited the internal medicine outpatient clinic of our hospital. The two groups were compared with respect to the following parameters: T3, T4, and TSH levels; thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; TyG index; AIP; and body mass index. Patients with euthyroid HT had higher blood triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, TgAb, TPOAb levels, AIP, and TyG index than those in the control group (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed a moderate significant correlation between AIP and TyG index, TPOAb, and TgAb levels (p < 0.05). The euthyroid HT group exhibited higher AIP and TyG index values than the control group. These findings suggest the presence of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in patients with HT, independent of thyroid function, and suggest that euthyroid patients with HT should be closely monitored for the development of these conditions.