Cyprus was affected by different civilizations throughout history. After the 1974 war on the island, both parts of the island were affected by social, economic, cultural, environmental, and political factors. It is known that, in 1960, the construction of buildings containing the criteria of the modern architectural period in the northern and southern parts of the island of Cyprus continued increasingly. Although the architectural approaches that emerged with the modern period have different trends, the basis of all of them is based on the criteria of modern architecture. The main purpose of this research is to examine the architectural criteria of Efruz Houses (Müdüroğlu Houses) built in the modern period in the Nicosia Kumsal region in the context of sustainability parameters and modern architectural approach. In the study, these houses will be examined in terms of social, cultural, environmental, and economic which are parameters of sustainability. In the methodological approach, theoretical, analytical, and practical approaches were followed. In the theoretical approach stage, modern architecture, modern architectural approaches, and sustainability issues are discussed. At the analytical approach stage, the current analysis of the modern period residences in the Kumsal/Nicosia region, which was determined as the subject of the study, was made. In the practical approach phase, data revealing the physical and environmental conditions of the selected buildings were collected. The collected data were evaluated over the modern period residences in the Kumsal region in the context of modern architectural approaches and sustainability parameters. In the findings section, which is the last stage of the study, modern period houses that change function and do not change function are evaluated in the context of modern architectural approaches and sustainability parameters, taking into account the criteria of modern architecture. The research and findings clearly observed that the ideal principles and approaches of the modern period are associated with the sustainability parameters that emerged in the modern period. In the study, the necessity of applying modern period approaches in sustainable designs emerges. In this context, modern architectural criteria should be integrated into today’s sustainable designs and applied in practice. It is targeted to contribute to the existing literature by revealing the importance and values of houses, sustainability parameters, and modern period approaches and criteria.

Architectural approaches that developed and progressed in the modern period were founded on the criteria of modern architecture. It is possible to see the distinctive features of the modern period from the 1920s to the 1970s on the island of Cyprus, which has been under the influence of many cultures for many years. This study's main goal is to investigate the architectural criteria for residences constructed throughout the modern period in the Nicosia region in relation to sustainability parameters and modern architectural approaches. The methodology of the study consists of theoretical, analysis/practical approaches and observations. The analysis of a total of 3 houses was evaluated in the context of form, function, construction, and sustainability parameters. The houses examined during the findings phase were evaluated within the framework of sustainability parameters, and modern architectural approaches taking into account modern architectural criteria. In the houses discussed in the study, free plan, ornament-free facade designs, and large window openings on the facades, depending on the Functionalism, Purism, Cubism, and international style approaches, attract attention as architectural criteria. In this regard, it clearly reveals that the ideals, approaches, and principles of the modern period are related to the sustainability parameters that emerged at that time.

This study aims to determine the reflections of the factors affecting the gradual change of the houses constructed for the American mining company CMC (Cyprus Mines Corporation) in Lefke between 1916 and 1974. Research has shown that such factors as life standards, needs, politics, environmental factors, climate, geography and cultural factors have changed the housing demand. Having taken all these factors into consideration, we have reached a conclusion regarding the transformation of the houses by analysing the collected data by field research techniques appropriate to CMC houses in Lefke. The field research has been conducted by taking samples from each category and analysing them; and the gradual transformation and the underlying environmental factors have been determined. The field research techniques used in the study are interviews, photos, relieves and archive research.In the result obtained from the general work; Along with the rapid development caused by the effects of the Industrial Revolution, religious, cultural, economical, political and architectural conditions have been shaped in different forms and values. Along with these circumstances, the changes and transformations that observed in the world and affecting the cities have also affected Cyprus Island. In the Lefke region, along with the establishment of the CMC, the positive and negative effects of the terraced houses, built for the first time in Cyprus in four different categories and their close surroundings, draw quite attention. In the study, the transformations of these houses until today and the factors affecting them have been also determined.ÖzÇalışma, Lefke Bölgesinde 1916-1974 yılları arasında faaliyet gösteren Amerikan maden şirketi CMC (Cyprus Mines Corporation) için yapılmış olan konutların zaman içerisindeki form değişimine etki eden faktörlerin, konut mekânına olan etkilerini saptamaya yöneliktir. Konut ihtiyacının, yaşam şartlarına, ihtiyaca, siyasete, çevresel faktörlere, iklime, coğrafyaya, kültürel etkenlere göre form değiştirdiği yapılan araştırmalarda görülmektedir. Tüm bu etkenlerin ışığında, Lefke Bölgesi, CMC evleri özelinde uygun tekniklerle yapılan alan çalışmasından elde edilen verilerin biraraya getirilmesiyle, konutların dönüşümü ortaya konmuştur. Yapılan alan çalışması için, her kategoriden birer örnek ele alınarak analizi yapılmış, zaman içerisindeki dönüşümü ve bu dönüşümlere etki eden çevresel faktörler tespit edilmiştir. Alan çalışması kapsamında, tüm bu verilerin toplanması için gerekli olan görüşmeler, fotoğraf çekimleri, rölöve çıkarma ve arşiv araştırma teknikleri kullanılmıştır.Çalışmanın genelinden elde edilen sonuçta; Endüstri Devrimi’nin etkisiyle oluşan hızlı gelişme ile birlikte dini, kültürel, ekonomik, siyasal ve mimari gibi koşullar farklı biçim ve değerlerle şekillenmiştir. Bu şekillenen koşullarla birlikte, dünyada gözlemlenen ve kentleri etkileyen değişim ve dönüşümler Kıbrıs Adası’nı da etkilemiştir. Lefke Bölgesi’nde, CMC’nin kurulmasıyla birlikte buna paralel dört kategoriden oluşan ve ilk kez teraslı olarak üretilen konutların ve onların yakın çevrelerinin, bölgeye olan olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri oldukça dikkat çeker. Bu konutların, günümüze gelene kadar olan dönüşümleri buna etki eden faktörler tespit edilerek sonuçlandırılmıştır.

The possibility of seeing modern-period structures starting from the 1900s in countries with different cultures in the world. Investigating the architectural criteria for residential buildings constructed between 1910 and 1940 in various nations in compliance with modern architectural approaches and sustainability parameters is the main objective of this study. The 3 residential buildings investigated within the scope of the research were assessed based on economic, environmental cultural, and social, sustainability parameters. A methodology regarding theoretical and analytical approaches was applied within the scope of the study. The collected data were evaluated regarding sustainability parameters, function, construction, and form of selected modern period houses in the framework of sustainability parameters and modern architectural approaches. Within the residences under analysis, Functionalism De-Stijl, International Style, Cubism, and Purism approaches arise as architectural criteria. In the context of the research's outcomes, it has been showed that the parameters of sustainability that appeared in the modern period are directly connected to the principles, ideas, and approaches of the modern period. In this regard, modern architectural criteria should be included in and implemented in today's sustainable designs. Considering the criteria and approaches that emerged in the modern period, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by applying sustainability parameters in residential buildings to be designed today.