Sugar palm bunch/SPB (Arenga longipes Mogea) waste is a lignocellulosic material derived from the harvest of sugar palm fruit (kolang-kaling). Therefore, this study aims to examine the anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of SPB. The anatomical characterization results showed that SPB had two forms of fibrovascular bundles (FVBs), namely large and small. Based on morphology, SPB fibers had a length, diameter, average lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness of approximately 1346.42 ± 415.71 μm, 20.05 ± 3.81 μm, 11.82 ± 2.95 μm, and 4.12 ± 1.08 μm, respectively. FVB tissue of the sample had a fairly high density of 4–6 FVB per 4 mm² with a non-vascular area/total area ratio of 57.25%. The results showed that the sample contained 45.31 ± 3.20% cellulose, 23.21 ± 3.73% hemicellulose, 27.23 ± 4.23% lignin, and 1.39 ± 0.32% ash content. In addition, the extractive content that dissolved in hot water, cold water, ethanol-benzene, and 1% NaOH was 4.79 ± 0.84%, 7.12 ± 0.68%, 7.27 ± 2.38%, and 29.81 ± 3.78%, respectively. The GC–MS analysis results showed that A. longipes bunch contained several compounds, including carboxylic acid (tetradecanoic, octadecanoic), methoxy group (3-hydoxyphthalide), and palmitic acid. Meanwhile, the FTIR analysis showed the presence of OH groups with high intensity, which were identified as aromatic groups, as well as phenol groups recognized as lignin. Based on these results, characteristics of SPB were more suitable as raw materials for biomass energy, absorbent activated carbon, composite board, and surfactant.

Batubara R, Hanum TI, Affandi O, Julianti E, Ulfa M. 2022. The antioxidant activities and chemical compounds of Aquilaria crassna, Aquilaria microcarpa, and Gyrinops versteegii leaves growing in Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6619-6628. Agarwood has been cultivated for its wood and leaves in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the potential of the leaves of Aquilaria crassna, A. microcarpa, and Gyrinops versteegii that grow in Langkat as raw materials for antioxidant-rich tea based on their chemical compounds and antioxidant activities. The leaf powder was extracted using ethanol. Bioactive compounds were analyzed by GC-MS, while the antioxidant activity was analyzed by the DPPH method. The results showed that A. crassna leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroid/triterpenoid dan glycosides, whereas A. microcarpa leaves contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroid/triterpenoid dan glycosides alkaloids, tannins, and triterpenoids. In comparison, G. versteegii leaves contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroid/triterpenoids, and glycosides. The IC50 values of ethanol extract of A. crassna, A. microcarpa, and G. versteegii leaves were 30.0079, 29.3263, and 31.6304 µg/mL, respectively. The highest chemical compounds of A. crassna, A. microcarpa, and G. versteegii were Cyano, -acetic acid, 1,2,3,4-Cyclopentane Petrol, and Oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one Ambrettolide The three species had high antioxidant activity; therefore they are potential sources of antioxidants.

Batubara R, Hanum TI, Affandi O, Nurminah M, Winarni I, Hannum S, Yasmin OY, Chery SC, Dalimunte A. 2025. Proximate and phytochemical analysis of Acanthus ilicifolius hot water extract from three different growing locations. Biodiversitas 26: 1641-1651. Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) is a tide-dependent plant and often obtains more freshwater supply. The chemical composition of this plant needs to be explored so that consumers can obtain the required information, particularly regarding the use of A. ilicifolius hot water extract. Therefore, this research aimed to determine proximate and phytochemical content of A. ilicifolius from three different growing locations. Proximate analysis was carried out by testing water, ash, fat, and protein composition, while phytochemical tests and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) were used to determine the number and names of chemical compounds, respectively. The results showed that ash, fat, and protein composition of A. ilicifolius from the three sample locations were not statistically different. Based on SNI 3945-2016 and SNI 01-4453-1998, water content met the standard of 2.11-7.47%, while ash content did not fulfill the requirement of 0.56-0.59%. Fat and protein content ranging from 8.58 to 10.22% and 19 to 19.95% had no standard specification. Phytochemical test results of hot water extract showed that the compounds from the three sample locations were the same, including flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. Based on GC-MS, the main compound in hot water extract of A. ilicifolius sampled from Pasar Rawa Village was 2(3H)-Benzoxazolone. In comparison, the main compounds from Percut Village and Paya Pasir Village were found to be dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanediol ester, and dodecyl palmitate.

Pemberdayaan masyarakat sangat penting dalam mengembangkan usaha demi peningkatan pendapatannya. Usaha berbasis aren merupakan usaha utama masyarakat di Desa Rumah Sumbul, Kecamatan Sibolangit, Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Dalam memberdayakan masyarakat menekuni dan mengembangkan usahanya perlu dimotivasi dengan melakukan training motivasi. Tujuan kegiatan PPM yang dilakukan adalah memotivasi masyarakat khususnya dalam meningkatkan aktivitas usaha pengolahan air nira aren, dan peningkatan pengetahuan serta keterampilan usaha secara mandiri dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang ada di desa. Metode kegiatan ini adalah edukasi dan motivasi dalam bentuk penyampaian materi dan training dalam mendampingi masyarakat untuk mengembangkan usaha berbasis aren. Hasil kegiatan berdasarkan kuisioner peserta termotivasi dan akan turut serta dalam pengembangan usaha aren sesuai kapasitas yang dimiliki, khususnya dalam mengolah air nira menjadi gula aren yang memiliki nilai jual lebih mahal yaitu menjadi usaha pengolahan gula semut aren. Selain itu masyarakat juga dimotivasi untuk membuat diversifikasi produk lain dari gula aren. Diharapkan melalui pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif masyarakat.

The jeruju plant ( Acanthus ilicifolius ) is a plant that is influenced by tides and usually gets more freshwater supply. One of the common uses of jeruju plants in coastal communities is as tea known as mangrove tea. This study aims to determine the chemical content, tannin levels and proximate content of jeruju leaf tea bags with the addition of natural flavors of ginger, pandanus and lemongrass. Phytochemical tests include testing the content of alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids/steroids. Analysis of tannin levels using the Lowenthal-Procter method. Proximate analysis includes tests of water content, ash content, fat content, protein content and crude fiber. The results of the phytochemical test of jeruju leaf tea bags showed positive for flavonoids, glycosides, steroids/triterpenoids and tannins, with the addition of flavors enriching the compounds they contain, namely containing alkaloid and saponin compounds. Based on SNI 3945-2016 and SNI 01-4453-1998, the water content of tea bags has not met the standards. The ash content of tea is categorized as high exceeding the standard. Fat content and protein content vary greatly, while fiber content is relatively high.

Tanaman buah dalam pot (tabulampot) merupakan teknik budidaya tanaman buah dalam pot yang dapat dilakukan di lahan yang terbatas seperti lingkungan rumah. Pesatnya pembangunan fisik di sekitar Lingkungan IV Kelurahan Gedung Johor berdampak pada banyaknya penebangan pohon, berkuranya ruang terbuka hijau, panasnya suhu, berkurangnya keasrian lingkungan, dan timbulnya penyakit sosial masyarakat. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman serta minat dalam pengembangan tabulampot dan memberikan secara gratis tabulampot guna mendukung terciptanya lingkungan yang hijau. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan, pengetahuan tabulampot dan minat budidaya tabulampot pada masyarakat semakin meningkat. Peserta pelatihan diberikan bibit, pot, dan kompos secara gratis untuk ditanam di sekitar rumah mereka sebagai bentuk aplikasi dari kegiatan pelatihan, sehingga mendukung terciptanya lingkungan yang hijau. Bibit yang diberikan untuk ditanam dalam pot adalah mangga, alpukat, dan klengkeng sebanyak 60 batang dengan kualitas pohon yang baik yaitu sehat, usia rata-rata lebih dari enam bulan, sudah berbunga, bahkan beberapa pohon sudah berbuah.