MATEC Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Materials science, Engineering and Chemistry

MATEC Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Materials science, Engineering and Chemistry

Housing construction is a key segment of economy in any country, as it satisfies the needs of population and ensures safe living conditions. This segment must take into account the requirements of safety, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and limited mobility, resulting in high-quality construction products within pre-set deadlines. Due to the fact that many parties are involved in the construction of buildings, numerous processes are underway. As a result, various risk factors may arise. They may cause a failure to meet deadlines and lower quality of work. The authors propose administrative and process-related solutions aimed at eliminating the most substantial risk factors. The study solves the following tasks: analyzing the general contractor's activity in residential construction; studying risk factors that affect the building construction period; identifying actions aimed at mitigating risk factors by applying administrative and process-related solutions; developing and implementing a novel method developed on the basis of the research projects. An expert survey was conducted among the top specialists from the construction industry, and a list of risk factors arising during the construction of residential buildings was made. As a result, a method is developed that enables the pre-assessment of potential construction risk factors and elimination or minimization of their effect. This method reduces the period of construction, improves the quality of construction facilities and, on the whole, increases labor productivity.

In connection with the current demand for reducing the implementation of investment and construction projects, there is a need to determine the risks that affect the duration. Within the framework of building and construction works, there is a risk of various destabilizing factors arising, leading to economic losses and increased construction period, and consequently a decrease in labor productivity. Existing administrative barriers, maintaining and coordinating a large amount of executive documentation leads to high costs of various resources. In this regard, the work optimized the functioning of the construction control system. The study identified factors that influence the functioning of the construction control system. A rational procedure for carrying out construction control of capital construction projects has been determined. The study used such methods as: the method of expert assessments, statistical data analysis, and the Varimax rotation method. The results of the study were introduced into the activities of the organization performing the functions of a developer at the stage of construction of objects. As a result, a method of interaction between participants in the construction control system has been formed, which allows increasing labor productivity.

MATEC Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Materials science, Engineering and Chemistry

This article analyzes the housing of the first industrial generation. Moscow still has a great number of residential buildings of the first industrial generation with a total area of about 25 million m². That is about 8.000 buildings with at least 1.6 million residents. A large part of such buildings is in critical or almost critical condition. The magnitude and complexity of the solution to the problem of housing renovation of the buildings of the first industrial generation have determined an approach different to the described above. The basis of this approach is a quaterly demolition including the total area of all the uncomfortable housings with the subsequent building on the freed territories.The article examines the experience gained on demolition of five-storey residential buildings of the first industrial generation and reveals the steps and ways of their elimination by mechanical disassembling of structures using hydraulic shears.The authors propose a phased dismantling of the structures, beginning with the dismantling of internal systems, including equipment and devices, as well as finishing elements - removing of window frames and doors along with boxes, built-in cabinets, flooring (boards, linoleum, parquet, etc.). The article includes the list of the team cast to perform demolition work, together with indications of the workers and the equipment required. It also provides organizational and technological solutions for the storage of each kind of demolition materials and moving them into the heavy duty automotive container.The draft of production work is proposed to pay special attention to activities for the prevention of employee exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors (spontaneous collapse of structures and object elements, fall of floating structures and equipment, moving parts of construction machinery and cargo sliding, sharp edges of constructions and protruding rods, high concentration of dust and hazardous substances in the air at the workplace).The order of demolition of five-storey residential buildings must include implementation of a complex of preparatory activities, including the organization of building site, dismantling of internal and engineering systems and finishing elements, demolition of buildings using excavators-demolishers equipped with modern attachments including hydraulic shears.