Using the microwave-assisted method, novel Fe₃O₄/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures were synthesized. The crystallinity, thermal stability, adsorption/desorption isotherms, morphology/size distribution, and magnetic hysteresis of synthesized Fe₃O₄/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures were characterized by XRD patterns, TGA curve, BET adsorption/desorption technique, SEM image, and VSM curve, respectively. After confirming the Fe₃O₄/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures, its antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacterial, Gram-negative bacterial, and fungal strains based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were studied. The MIC values in antimicrobial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, between 16–128 μg/ml, and for fungal strain, 128 μg/ml were observed. The results showed that the high specific surface area of Fe₃O₄/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures caused the antimicrobial power of nanoparticles to be high, and the observed antimicrobial effects were higher than some known commercial antimicrobial drugs. Another advantage of the specific surface area of Fe₃O₄/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures was its high catalytic properties in the three-component reaction of isatin, malononitrile, and dimedone. New spiro [indoline-pyranopyrimidines] derivatives were synthesized with high efficiency. The catalytic activity results of Fe₃O₄/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures showed that, in addition to recyclability, derivatives could be synthesized in less time than previously reported methods. The results of investigating the catalytic activity of Fe₃O₄/Zn-metal organic framework magnetic nanostructures showed that the spiro [indoline-pyranopyrimidines] derivatives were synthesized in the time range of 10–20 min with an efficiency of over 85%. As a final result, it can be concluded that the microwave synthesis method improves the unique properties of magnetic nanostructures, especially its specific surface area, and has increased its efficiency.

Using Kappa substrate material, a compact microstrip diplexer is developed in this research with two separate channels based on the coupled junction and two bandpass filters functioning in independent frequency bands. Each filter comprises an input/output feed line and a number of resonators with different impedances. The diplexer’s frequency response was modeled and optimized using the Sonnet EM solver. At 2.84 and 4.08 GHz for TX/RX channels, the insertion loss is better than 1 dB for both channels, while the return loss values are 21.2 and 17 dB for transmit and receive filters, respectively. The microstrip diplexer has miniature dimensions of 24 mm × 18 mm with highly narrow bands and band isolation of more than 35 dB. The simulated scattering parameters are in agreement with the measured ones.

There has been a lot of interest in microstrip diplexers lately due to their potential use in numerous wireless and computer communication technologies, including radio broadcasts, mobile phones, broadband wireless, and satellite-based communication systems. It can do this because it has a communication channel that can combine two distinct filters into one. This article presents a narrow-band microstrip diplexer that uses a stepped impedance resonator, a uniform impedance resonator, tiny square patches, and a meander line resonator. The projected diplexer might be made smaller than its initial dimensions by utilizing the winding construction. To model the microstrip diplexer topology for WiMAX and WIFI/WLAN at 1.66 GHz and 2.52 GHz, the Advanced Wave Research (AWR) solver was employed. It exhibited an insertion loss of 3.2 dB and a return loss of 16 dB for the first channel, while the insertion loss and return loss were 2.88 dB and 21 dB, respectively, for the second channel. When both filters were simulated, the band isolation was 31 dB. The projected microstrip diplexer has been fabricated using an FR4 epoxy laminate with dimensions of 32 × 26 mm². The simulated S-parameters phase and group delay closely matched the measurements.

This study involved the preparation of the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract and the production of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers that contained the Saudi Arabian C. angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract. The reason for using polyvinylpyrrolidone is its bioactivity and its physical and chemical properties. The structure and characterization of the newly synthesized nanofiber were confirmed using the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, N₂ adsorption–desorption curve, hydrophilicity, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The biological activity, including anticancer properties against skin cancer cells and bone cancer cells and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, was assessed. The average diameter and the specific surface area of the synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract were 87 nm and 1,108 m²/g, respectively. High hydrophilicity compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (contact angle of synthetic nanofibers was 21° and for polyvinylpyrrolidone was 52°), high compressive strength compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (61.23 N/mm² and 34.52 N/mm², respectively), and high flexural strength compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (16.1 N/mm² and 11.4 N/mm², respectively) were other characteristics of the synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract. In the biological activities of the synthesized nanofiber, unique properties were observed. Regarding the anticancer activity, the IC₅₀ values against skin cancer cells and bone cancer cells were observed to be 19.59 μg/mL and 29.57 μg/mL, respectively. For the antimicrobial activity, the MIC value between 4 and 128 mg/mL was observed. The biological activities of the synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract were higher than those of the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract. The biological properties can be enhanced by various factors, including the high specific surface area of the synthesized nanofiber.

Water pollution, particularly through industrial effluents, is a significant environmental challenge. The present study explores the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye. ZnO NPs were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, and their structural and morphological features were examined using X-ray diffraction, Transmittance Electron Microscopy, and FESEM techniques. A systematic study was carried out to investigate the effects of catalyst mass dosage, initial dye concentration, and light intensity on photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Results show that the synthesized ZnO NPs are effective in MB dye degradation, and the process adheres to first-order kinetics. This work not only demonstrates the potential of ZnO NPs in addressing industrial dye pollution but also contributes valuable insights toward the development of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable water treatment solutions.