The $Wtb$ vertex structure and the search for new anomalous couplings is studied using top quark measurements obtained at the LHC, for a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. By combining the latest and most precise results on the single top quark production cross section and the measurements of the $W$-boson helicity fractions (${F}_{0}$ and ${F}_{L}$), it is possible to set new limits, at a 95% C.L., on the real and imaginary components of the new couplings. The combination of the LHC observables clearly improves the limits obtained when using the individual results alone. The updated measurements of the $W$-boson helicity fractions and the $s+t$ channels' electroweak single top quark production, at the Tevatron, improve the LHC limits when a world combination of all observables ($\mathrm{LHC}+\text{Tevatron}$) is performed.

Residual accelerations due to thermal effects are estimated through a model of the New Horizons spacecraft and a Monte Carlo simulation. We also discuss and estimate the thermal effects on the attitude of the spacecraft. The work is based on a method previously used for the Pioneer and Cassini probes, which solve the Pioneer anomaly problem. The results indicate that after the encounter with Pluto there is a residual acceleration of the order of ${10}^{-9}{\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}}^2$, and that rotational effects should be difficult, although not impossible, to detect.

The motion of astronomical bodies and the centre of mass of the system is not always well perceived by students. One of the struggles is the conceptual change of reference frame, which is the same that held back the acceptance of the Heliocentric model over the Geocentric one. To address the question, the notion of centre of mass, motion equations (and their numerical solution for a system of multiple bodies), and change of frame of reference is introduced. The discussion is done based on conceptual and real world examples, using the solar system. Consequently, through the use of simple 'do it yourself' methods and basic equations, students can debate complex motions, and have a wider and potentially effective understanding of physics.