Climate variation throughout the year affects photosynthesis and other physiological processes correlated with plant development and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the physiological attributes of Coffea canephora genotypes over the year in the Brazilian Amazon and assess their relationship with crop yield. The experiment was carried out in three cultivation systems with three genotypes. The evaluations were carried out in four periods: the peak of the dry season (S1); the beginning of the rainy season (S2); the peak of the rainy season (S3); and the beginning of the dry season (S4). A dataset of gas exchange, pigment indices, chlorophyll fluorescence, branch growth, and coffee yield was obtained. The group of gas exchange variables was the main contributor to treatment discrimination and was most affected by seasons. As expected, the values of g_s, E, and A were significantly lower in S1, while the values of VPD_Leaf-ar, T_Leaf, and IWUE were significantly higher. Our results demonstrate that climatic seasonality affects the photosynthesis of Amazonian Robustas coffee, even under irrigated conditions, particularly in response to increased VPD. The physiological variables analyzed at the leaf level, even in different periods, did not explain the differences in the yield of C. canephora.

Background: The recovery process of degraded areas with the implantation of orchards of native species is still little known. Thus, we intend to evaluate the physiological performance of Hancornia speciosa during different seasons of the year, cultivated in full sun and in intercropping for recovery of degraded areas. Methods: Intercropping with Syagrus oleracea (double intercropping); with annual crops (double intercropping); and with S. oleracea and annual crops (triple intercropping) were completed over two years at the beginning of each season. Crops (experimental plots) were planted using a Nelder wheel design. Results: Over the two years, H. speciosa was observed to experience seasonal regulatory changes, some of which were mitigated by the intercropping. The cultivation arrangement influenced the physiology and consequently the growth of H. speciosa . Conclusions: It is concluded that the double intercropping benefits the growth of H. speciosa during the formation of the orchard, and the triple intercropping does not affect growth in relation to full sun. It is recommended the implantation of orchards of H. speciosa in recovery areas through intercropping.