China announced a target of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. As one of the most promising pathways to minimize carbon emissions, the low-carbon electricity supply is of high consideration in China’s future energy planning. The main purpose of this study is to provide a comparative overview of the regional siting potential of various low-carbon power plants in the Yangtze River Delta of China. First, unsuitable zones for power plants are identified and excluded based on national regulations and landscape constraints. Second, we evaluate the spatial siting potential of the seven low-carbon energy power plants by ranking their suitability with geographic information system (GIS)-based hierarchical analysis (AHP). The results revealed that around 78% of the area is suitable for power plant siting. In summary, biomass power plants have high siting potential in over half of the spatial areas. Solar photovoltaic and waste-to-electricity are encouraged to establish in the long-term future. The maps visualize micro-scale spatial siting potential and can be coupled with the sustainability assessments of power plants to design an explicit guiding plan for future power plant allocation.

This study investigates the medium-term effects of the European energy crisis on household energy-saving behaviours, using two-wave longitudinal survey data from Norwegian households collected in May ( N = 3,514) and November 2023 ( N = 2,289). Challenging prior claims that external cues trigger only short-lived behavioural change, we found that 88% of the households were actively engaged in at least one behaviour-based energy-saving measure by May 2023, and 65% of those continued these behaviours six months later. By tracing how crisis-driven awareness translates into motivation, actual behaviour, and retention, we identify the demographic, social, and contextual cues that shape each stage. Older respondents, longer housing tenure, and residence in northern regions increased the likelihood of converting awareness into motivation; age and bill-payer status influenced the translation into behaviour; and female respondents as well as those adopting new heating systems were more likely to sustain changes over time. Methodologically, the longitudinal design enables a rare test of behaviour retention in real-world crisis conditions, advancing behavioural theory on cue-driven change. Substantively, the findings offer policy-relevant insights on how to support long-term household engagement with energy saving beyond immediate crises.

This dataset provides individual-level longitudinal data on energy improvement behaviours, including solar PV adoption, flexible energy use, and home insulation, as well as related psychological variables in Norwegian households. The online survey collected data with participants' consent, covering demographic information, household and housing contextual conditions, psychological responses to the energy crisis, energy-saving behaviours, energy performance improvement behaviours and intentions, and psychological factors influencing decision-making processes for energy-related behaviours. In May 2023, 3,514 participants were recruited from the KANTAR online panel for the first round, and 2,289 of them participated in the second round in November 2023. The paper presents a descriptive summary of most variables, with the results from the two rounds of the survey. This dataset provides valuable insights for researchers exploring residential energy performance improvement behaviours and aids in designing interventions or incentives to reduce residential energy consumption and enhance energy efficiency.