To overcome the serious climate crisis, the world must achieve carbon neutrality. Corporate participation is essential to achieve carbon neutrality, and ESG management is required to realize this. Additional efforts and costs are involved for a company to manage ESG. If a company’s ESG management is helpful for the company’s sustainable growth, the company will be willing to endure the effort and cost. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the impact of corporate ESG management on the brand. This study empirically analyzed the effects of corporate ESG management on brand image, brand attitude, brand attachment, and brand loyalty. ESG activities were divided into environmental and social and governance, to classify their impact. As a result of the study, it was found that environmental activities did not have a positive effect on brand image, brand attitude, and brand attachment. Social and governance activities were found to have a positive effect on brand image and brand attitude. In addition, it was found that social and governance activities affect brand loyalty through brand image, brand attitude, and brand attachment. The results of this study provide practical implications for corporate ESG management, and have theoretical significance in that they have expanded ESG-related research areas to consumer behavior, corporate strategy, and future economic fields.

The age of Southeast Asian developing countries’ populations is still younger than that of other regions around the world. However, recent statistics show that the tide is now turning in this regard, with many of these populations beginning to age at rates much faster than many other countries. Such developments require immediate policy action in order to create a sustainable path towards economic growth before demographic changes become less benign in the medium term. In this study, we discuss the economic consequences of population aging, increases in the economic support ratio, and a declining potential growth rate. We argue that it is essential for Southeast Asian developing countries to raise total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates so as to achieve more sustainable economic outcomes. By conducting panel regressions using data from 82 countries across the 1996–2019 study period, our study shows that increasing research and development (R&D) spending and the facilitation of structural changes that transform the digital economy landscape are key policy options that promote TFP growth.

Economic forecasts are quite essential in our daily lives, which is why many research institutions periodically make and publish forecasts of main economic indicators. We ask (1) whether we can consistently have a better prediction when we combine multiple forecasts of the same variable and (2) if we can, what will be the optimal method of combination. We linearly combine multiple linear combinations of existing forecasts to form a new forecast (“combination of combinations”), and the weights are given by Bayesian model averaging. In the case of forecasts on Germany’s real GDP growth rate, this new forecast dominates any single forecast in terms of root-mean-square prediction errors.