The mining industry manages large volumes of tailings, sludge, and residues that represent a huge environmental issue. This fact has prompted research into valorization of these wastes as alternative aggregates for concrete production, embankments, pavement material, etc. The use of mining wastes as a resource for construction presents two benefits: conserving natural resources and reducing the environmental impacts of mining. In the case of road construction, the use of mining wastes has not yet been developed on a large scale and there is a major lack of specific legislation. This gap is due to the variety of exploited rocks, the diversity of tailings, mine residues, or valuable by-products slated for valorization, and the environmental specifics. This paper presents a review on recycling mine wastes as road construction material, including waste rock and mine tailings. Those materials were mostly used in infrastructure where soils had initially poor geotechnical properties (low bearing capacity, frost susceptibility, swelling risk, etc.). Different mining wastes were used directly or stabilized by a hydraulic binder through geopolymerization or, in some cases, with bituminous treatment. Overall, the use of mine wastes for road construction will have a considerable environmental impact by reducing the volume of waste and offering sustainable raw materials.

The mining industry generates a substantial amount of waste materials, including tailings and waste rocks, which, if not managed correctly, pose threats to the environment and public health due to their long-term accumulation and disposal. Simultaneously, the construction sector consumes important amounts of natural resources like water and rocks. However, research shows that inert mining waste can serve as a substitute for conventional raw materials in construction, particularly in concrete. This review focuses on using mining waste as an alternative to concrete technology to promote cleaner practices in construction and circular economy in mining. Mining waste, with its physical characteristics and chemical composition, can function as diverse components in concrete, such as sand, aggregates, and binders. This article assesses these properties and explores their incorporation into concrete production, aiming to stimulate further research and development, foster environmentally responsible approaches, and underline the direct link to reaching SDGs to achieve sustainability in the construction industry.