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Background: Research has suggested that applying the Sport Education Model (SEM) in Physical Education (PE) increases students’ motivation. However, it is important to systematize this evidence to have a clearer idea. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of the SEM on the students’ motivation. Methods: A systematic review with a narrative synthesis was performed. In March 2021, an articles search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria were: longitudinal or experimental study design; outcomes included PE settings; results reported the relationship between the SEM and students’ motivation. Results: Fourteen studies were included, totaling 2146 students. The majority of the studies indicated a significant association between the SEM and motivation, particularly in autonomy and more enjoyment toward PE. Conclusions: This review supports that the SEM has a positive impact on motivation. The SEM offers a wide range of opportunities for students to develop more self-determined motivated behavior in PE classes. Therefore, the SEM should be considered when developing or adapting existing PE programs to promote students’ intrinsic motivation to engage in physical activity.
Ricardo Tendinha; Madalena Alves; Tiago Freitas; Gonçalo Appleton; Leonor Gonçalves; Andreas Ihle; Élvio Gouveia; Adilson Marques. Impact of Sports Education Model in Physical Education on Students’ Motivation: A Systematic Review. Children 2021, 8, 588 .
AMA StyleRicardo Tendinha, Madalena Alves, Tiago Freitas, Gonçalo Appleton, Leonor Gonçalves, Andreas Ihle, Élvio Gouveia, Adilson Marques. Impact of Sports Education Model in Physical Education on Students’ Motivation: A Systematic Review. Children. 2021; 8 (7):588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicardo Tendinha; Madalena Alves; Tiago Freitas; Gonçalo Appleton; Leonor Gonçalves; Andreas Ihle; Élvio Gouveia; Adilson Marques. 2021. "Impact of Sports Education Model in Physical Education on Students’ Motivation: A Systematic Review." Children 8, no. 7: 588.
Johannes Wendsche; Andreas Ihle; Jürgen Wegge; Marlene Sophie Penz; Clemens Kirschbaum; Matthias Kliegel. Correction to: Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2021, 1 -1.
AMA StyleJohannes Wendsche, Andreas Ihle, Jürgen Wegge, Marlene Sophie Penz, Clemens Kirschbaum, Matthias Kliegel. Correction to: Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2021; ():1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Wendsche; Andreas Ihle; Jürgen Wegge; Marlene Sophie Penz; Clemens Kirschbaum; Matthias Kliegel. 2021. "Correction to: Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health , no. : 1-1.
Physical activity (PA) may influence the secretion of neurotransmitters and thereby have positive consequences for an individual’s vulnerability (i.e., reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms). This systematic review aims to analyse the potential bidirectional effects of exercise on dopamine from young adulthood to old age. The article search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in December 2020. The inclusion criteria were longitudinal and experimental study design; outcomes included dopamine and exercise; effect of exercise on dopamine and vice versa; adults; and articles published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Fifteen articles were included in the review. We observed robust findings concerning the potential effects of PA on dopamine, which notably seem to be observable across a wide range of participants characteristics (including age and sex), a variety of PA characteristics, and a broad set of methods to analyse dopamine. By contrast, regarding the potential effects of dopamine on PA, findings were mixed across studies. Thus, there are robust effects of physical exercise on dopamine. These findings further strengthen the idea that innovative approaches could include PA interventions for treating and preventing mental disorders. Therefore, it seems that PA is a potential alternative to deal with mental health issues.
Adilson Marques; Priscila Marconcin; André Werneck; Gerson Ferrari; Élvio Gouveia; Matthias Kliegel; Miguel Peralta; Andreas Ihle. Bidirectional Association between Physical Activity and Dopamine Across Adulthood—A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 829 .
AMA StyleAdilson Marques, Priscila Marconcin, André Werneck, Gerson Ferrari, Élvio Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel, Miguel Peralta, Andreas Ihle. Bidirectional Association between Physical Activity and Dopamine Across Adulthood—A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):829.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdilson Marques; Priscila Marconcin; André Werneck; Gerson Ferrari; Élvio Gouveia; Matthias Kliegel; Miguel Peralta; Andreas Ihle. 2021. "Bidirectional Association between Physical Activity and Dopamine Across Adulthood—A Systematic Review." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7: 829.
The aim of the present study was to examine the sex-related associations between accelerometer-measured daily step counts and adiposity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. We analyzed data from 2524 adults (aged 18–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Device-measured daily step counts were measured by accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X). The outcomes were body mass index (BMI; (kg/m2), waist and neck circumference (in cm). Overall, the mean of daily steps counts, BMI, waist and neck circumference were 10699.8, 27.3, 89.6, and 35.8. Weak and negative associations were observed between daily steps counts and BMI (r = −0.17; p < 0.05) and waist circumference (r = −0.16; p < 0.05); however, step counts was not associated with neck circumference. Daily steps counts were negatively associated with BMI (β: −0.054; 95%CI: −0.077; −0.012) and waist circumference (−0.098; −0.165; −0.030) independently of age and socioeconomic level. In men, there were significant negative associations between daily steps counts with BMI (−0.075; −0.119; −0.031) and waist circumference (−0.140; −0.233; −0.048), and in women, there was no significant association with either of the body composition indicators. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings that use device-measured from Latin America.
Gerson Ferrari; Adilson Marques; Tiago Barreira; Irina Kovalskys; Georgina Gómez; Attilio Rigotti; Lilia Cortés; Martha García; Rossina Pareja; Marianella Herrera-Cuenca; Viviana Guajardo; Ana Leme; Juan Guzmán Habinger; Pedro Valdivia-Moral; Mónica Suárez-Reyes; Andreas Ihle; Elvio Gouveia; Mauro Fisberg; on behalf of the ELANS Study Group. Accelerometer-Measured Daily Step Counts and Adiposity Indicators among Latin American Adults: A Multi-Country Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4641 .
AMA StyleGerson Ferrari, Adilson Marques, Tiago Barreira, Irina Kovalskys, Georgina Gómez, Attilio Rigotti, Lilia Cortés, Martha García, Rossina Pareja, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Viviana Guajardo, Ana Leme, Juan Guzmán Habinger, Pedro Valdivia-Moral, Mónica Suárez-Reyes, Andreas Ihle, Elvio Gouveia, Mauro Fisberg, on behalf of the ELANS Study Group. Accelerometer-Measured Daily Step Counts and Adiposity Indicators among Latin American Adults: A Multi-Country Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerson Ferrari; Adilson Marques; Tiago Barreira; Irina Kovalskys; Georgina Gómez; Attilio Rigotti; Lilia Cortés; Martha García; Rossina Pareja; Marianella Herrera-Cuenca; Viviana Guajardo; Ana Leme; Juan Guzmán Habinger; Pedro Valdivia-Moral; Mónica Suárez-Reyes; Andreas Ihle; Elvio Gouveia; Mauro Fisberg; on behalf of the ELANS Study Group. 2021. "Accelerometer-Measured Daily Step Counts and Adiposity Indicators among Latin American Adults: A Multi-Country Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4641.
Background: The basketball jump shot (JS) is consensually considered as a high-complexity specific motor skill, with a complex teaching and learning processes involved. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the JS performance among youth basketball players. Methods: The data search was made according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus and Sportdiscus databases until March 2021. Results: The results suggest that JS performance of youth basketball players is influenced by (i) distance to the basket, (ii) fatigue, (iii) presence of a defender and (iv) visual information available. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the crucial need for players and coaches to promote training situations matching the game reality to develop successful shooting performance of youth basketball players.
Cíntia França; Beatriz Gomes; Élvio Gouveia; Andreas Ihle; Manuel Coelho-E-Silva. The Jump Shot Performance in Youth Basketball: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3283 .
AMA StyleCíntia França, Beatriz Gomes, Élvio Gouveia, Andreas Ihle, Manuel Coelho-E-Silva. The Jump Shot Performance in Youth Basketball: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):3283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCíntia França; Beatriz Gomes; Élvio Gouveia; Andreas Ihle; Manuel Coelho-E-Silva. 2021. "The Jump Shot Performance in Youth Basketball: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 3283.
The increase in cognitive impairments and physical health constraints observed with our rising life expectancy constitutes one of the biggest challenges for public health in this century.1Suzman R Beard JR Boerma T Chatterji S Health in an ageing world—what do we know?.Lancet. 2015; 385: 484-486Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (132) Google Scholar With respect to cognitive health, individuals with greater cognitive and brain reserves have been proposed to be able to maintain cognitive functioning above a clinical threshold for a longer time, although pathology is advancing.2Stern Y An approach to studying the neural correlates of reserve.Brain Imaging Behav. 2017; 11: 410-416Crossref PubMed Scopus (64) Google Scholar, 3Stern Y Cognitive reserve.Neuropsychologia. 2009; 47: 2015-2028Crossref PubMed Scopus (1511) Google Scholar The role of these mechanisms at the later stages of life is not yet clear. Addressing this important question in a prospective cohort study, Jendé Zijlmans and colleagues4Zijlmans JL Lamballais S Lahousse L et al.The interaction of cognitive and brain reserve with frailty in the association with mortality: an observational cohort study.Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021; (published online March 19.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00028-3Google Scholar found that greater cognitive and brain reserves were associated with a lower risk of mortality. Of note, they identified a significant interaction of frailty with cognitive reserve (but not with brain reserve), suggesting that greater cognitive reserve is particularly associated with lower mortality in frail participants. Zijlmans and colleagues highlighted the need to consider the interplay of cognitive reserve and frailty, rather than treating them as independent issues, in order to extend healthy life-years. Thereby, their findings further underline the necessity for a holistic perspective to vulnerable ageing. Recent research on cognitive outcomes has also investigated the interaction of cognitive reserve and frailty.5Ihle A Gouveia ÉR Gouveia BR Orsholits D Oris M Kliegel M Solving the puzzle of cognitive reserve effects on cognitive decline: the importance of considering functional impairment.Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2020; 49: 349-354Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar In general, with greater cognitive reserve, cognitive functioning will begin to decline at a relatively late time, after pathological alterations have accumulated. Yet as soon as cognitive decline begins, the cognitive system collapses rapidly, because pathology has already advanced.3Stern Y Cognitive reserve.Neuropsychologia. 2009; 47: 2015-2028Crossref PubMed Scopus (1511) Google Scholar Frailty might be an indicator or correlate of the ongoing pathology. In this regard, individuals with greater cognitive reserve might be able to maintain cognitive functioning if they still show relatively little functional impairment, because they might still have good overall health, with a cognitive system that is still able to compensate for the ongoing pathology. By contrast, they will suffer from a steeper decline (compared with individuals with less cognitive reserve) as soon as frailty becomes a substantial issue, because frailty might be indicative of pathological changes and the resulting upcoming overall decline at the end of life.5Ihle A Gouveia ÉR Gouveia BR Orsholits D Oris M Kliegel M Solving the puzzle of cognitive reserve effects on cognitive decline: the importance of considering functional impairment.Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2020; 49: 349-354Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar One of the key remaining questions concerns the detailed mechanisms by which cognitive reserve enables individuals with frailty to live longer. Is this finding merely associated with the physiological correlates of pathology and cognitive or physical impairments, or does high cognitive reserve also allow a different behaviour, compensation, or stabilisation (other than preserving cognitive functioning per se)? Are there differences between cognitive and brain reserve in this regard? One avenue to further advance our understanding of these issues is to investigate the availability and activation of cognitive and brain reserves in the particular situations in which the cognitive system is required to adapt. For this purpose, a combination of panel studies and experimentally controlled examinations seems to be a good opportunity for such in-depth analyses. Moreover, the newly developed proxy of cognitive reserve used by Zijlmans and colleagues4Zijlmans JL Lamballais S Lahousse L et al.The interaction of cognitive and brain reserve with frailty in the association with mortality: an observational cohort study.Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021; (published online March 19.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00028-3Google Scholar (estimating cognitive reserve as a function of demographics, brain pathology, and current level of cognition) opens an important discussion because it goes beyond educational attainment, which has been the most frequently used proxy of cognitive reserve to date. We agree that cognitive reserve should be conceptualised and measured as a dynamic construct. Nevertheless, this novel measure includes assessments of current cognitive functioning, potentially creating circular reasoning in studies using cognitive functioning as outcome variables. Therefore, we propose to also investigate lifespan markers of accumulated cognitive reserve (such as occupation and leisure activities), together with cognitive reserve activation.
Andreas Ihle; Matthias Kliegel. What do individual reserves tell us about vulnerable ageing? The Lancet Healthy Longevity 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Matthias Kliegel. What do individual reserves tell us about vulnerable ageing? The Lancet Healthy Longevity. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Matthias Kliegel. 2021. "What do individual reserves tell us about vulnerable ageing?" The Lancet Healthy Longevity , no. : 1.
Metabolic syndrome has been considered a factor of vulnerability and a major public health problem because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The present study from Amazonas, Brazil aimed to estimate the prevalence of the individual and general components of metabolic syndrome in adults and older adults and identify the independent predictors of metabolic syndrome. The sample of the present cross-sectional study comprised 942 participants (590 women), with a mean age of 59.8 ± 19.7 (range: 17.5 to 91.8). Blood pressure in men (62.5%), abdominal obesity in women (67.3%), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both (52.2% in men and 65.0% in women) were the most prevalent individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Women had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (p < 0.001), low HDL-C (p < 0.001), and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001) than men; however, opposite results were seen in men for blood pressure (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 47.5%. Advanced age, being female, having a higher body mass index, and a having lower educational level independently increased the odds of metabolic syndrome. Due to the association of metabolic syndrome with deterioration of health status and increased vulnerability, this study sustains the need for early public health interventions in the Amazonas region.
Élvio Gouveia; Bruna Gouveia; Adilson Marques; Miguel Peralta; Cíntia França; Alex Lima; Alderlane Campos; Jefferson Jurema; Matthias Kliegel; Andreas Ihle. Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults and Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1303 .
AMA StyleÉlvio Gouveia, Bruna Gouveia, Adilson Marques, Miguel Peralta, Cíntia França, Alex Lima, Alderlane Campos, Jefferson Jurema, Matthias Kliegel, Andreas Ihle. Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults and Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÉlvio Gouveia; Bruna Gouveia; Adilson Marques; Miguel Peralta; Cíntia França; Alex Lima; Alderlane Campos; Jefferson Jurema; Matthias Kliegel; Andreas Ihle. 2021. "Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults and Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1303.
This study aimed to analyze the association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight and obesity among Europeans aged 65+ years. Data were from the 2014 European Social Survey, analyzing 21 countries. Five lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quality, drinking alcohol, and smoking) were analyzed. Binary logistic regressions were performed. A total of 8938 participants (4099 men) 65 years and older, mean age—73.6 (SD: 6.6) presented prevalence of overweight of 42.3% (95% CI: 41.3 to 43.3) and obesity of 20.9% (95% CI: 20.1 to 21.8). Adopting five healthy behaviors was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.63), but not overweight (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.10). Physical activity (≥5 days/week) was the most protective behavior, reducing by 42% the odds of obesity. Sex moderated the association of fruits and vegetables consumption, alcohol use, and smoking with obesity. Strategies aiming to reduce obesity levels in older adults should focus on the promotion of multiple lifestyle health behaviors, particularly physical activity in order to decrease vulnerability risk in old age.
Priscila Marconcin; Andreas Ihle; André Werneck; Elvio Gouveia; Gerson Ferrari; Miguel Peralta; Adilson Marques. The Association of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors with Overweight and Obesity among Older Adults from 21 Countries. Nutrients 2021, 13, 315 .
AMA StylePriscila Marconcin, Andreas Ihle, André Werneck, Elvio Gouveia, Gerson Ferrari, Miguel Peralta, Adilson Marques. The Association of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors with Overweight and Obesity among Older Adults from 21 Countries. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):315.
Chicago/Turabian StylePriscila Marconcin; Andreas Ihle; André Werneck; Elvio Gouveia; Gerson Ferrari; Miguel Peralta; Adilson Marques. 2021. "The Association of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors with Overweight and Obesity among Older Adults from 21 Countries." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 315.
This study aimed to test an observational momentary time sampling tool to estimate in-class moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), in terms of validity, reliability and agreement between observational momentary time sampling and accelerometry, and to develop a regression equation to estimate MVPA from observational momentary time sampling. The sample comprised 78 pupils (38 girls), mean age 14.0 ± 1.1 years. Measurements were taken in three similar Physical Education classes, on three different days. To monitor MVPA, we applied the observational momentary time sampling method. Students wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. Reliabilities were determined by the intraclass correlations, the agreement between methods was analyzed using the Bland–Altman method, and a multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the equation. The observational momentary time sampling showed good reliability across time (0.59 < r < 0.72, p < 0.001). It was significantly correlated with accelerometry (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). The MVPA assessed via accelerometer could be predicted from the following equation: Y = 44.3 + 0.47⋅(MVPA observational momentary time sampling method) + 8.0⋅(sex; with 0 = girls and 1 = boys). This observational momentary time sampling method is a stable and reliable tool to estimate MVPA. A regression equation using the score of observational momentary time sampling and sex can be used to better estimate the real MVPA.
Élvio Gouveia; Bruna Gouveia; Adilson Marques; Helder Lopes; Ana Rodrigues; Tomás Quintal; Marcelo Pestana; Miguel Peralta; Matthias Kliegel; Andreas Ihle. Estimation of Engagement in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity from Direct Observation: A Proposal for School Physical Education. Children 2021, 8, 67 .
AMA StyleÉlvio Gouveia, Bruna Gouveia, Adilson Marques, Helder Lopes, Ana Rodrigues, Tomás Quintal, Marcelo Pestana, Miguel Peralta, Matthias Kliegel, Andreas Ihle. Estimation of Engagement in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity from Direct Observation: A Proposal for School Physical Education. Children. 2021; 8 (2):67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÉlvio Gouveia; Bruna Gouveia; Adilson Marques; Helder Lopes; Ana Rodrigues; Tomás Quintal; Marcelo Pestana; Miguel Peralta; Matthias Kliegel; Andreas Ihle. 2021. "Estimation of Engagement in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity from Direct Observation: A Proposal for School Physical Education." Children 8, no. 2: 67.
While objective memory performance in older adults was primarily shown to be affected by education as indicator of life course socioeconomic conditions, other life course socioeconomic conditions seem to relate to subjective memory complaints. However, studies differ in which life course stages were investigated. Moreover, studies have explored these effects in an isolated way, but have not yet investigated their unique effect when considering several stages of the life course simultaneously. This study, therefore, examined the respective influence of socioeconomic conditions from childhood up to late-life on prospective memory (PM) performance as an objective indicator of everyday memory as well as on subjective memory complaints (SMC) in older age using structural equation modeling. Data came from two waves of the Vivre-Leben-Vivere aging study (n=993, Mage=80.56). The results indicate that only socioeconomic conditions in adulthood significantly predicted late-life PM performance. PM performance was also predicted by age and self-rated health. In contrast, SMC in older age were not predicted by socioeconomic conditions at any stage of the life course but were predicted by level of depression. In line with the cognitive reserve hypothesis, present results highlight the significance of education and occupation (adulthood socioeconomic conditions) for cognitive functioning in later life.
Morgane Künzi; Emilie Joly-Burra; Sascha Zuber; Maximilian Haas; Doriana Tinello; Chloé Da Silva Coelho; Alexandra Hering; Andreas Ihle; Gianvito Laera; Greta Mikneviciute; Silvia Stringhini; Bogdan Draganski; Matthias Kliegel; Nicola Ballhausen. The Relationship between Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Objective and Subjective Memory in Older Age. Brain Sciences 2021, 11, 61 .
AMA StyleMorgane Künzi, Emilie Joly-Burra, Sascha Zuber, Maximilian Haas, Doriana Tinello, Chloé Da Silva Coelho, Alexandra Hering, Andreas Ihle, Gianvito Laera, Greta Mikneviciute, Silvia Stringhini, Bogdan Draganski, Matthias Kliegel, Nicola Ballhausen. The Relationship between Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Objective and Subjective Memory in Older Age. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11 (1):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorgane Künzi; Emilie Joly-Burra; Sascha Zuber; Maximilian Haas; Doriana Tinello; Chloé Da Silva Coelho; Alexandra Hering; Andreas Ihle; Gianvito Laera; Greta Mikneviciute; Silvia Stringhini; Bogdan Draganski; Matthias Kliegel; Nicola Ballhausen. 2021. "The Relationship between Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Objective and Subjective Memory in Older Age." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1: 61.
The cognitive reserve hypothesis postulates that lifelong cognitive stimulation establishes a buffer that is instrumental in maintaining cognitive health. To examine this conceptual proposition in detail, we applied a novel, more general conceptual view that included recent models of vulnerability and examined whether the longitudinal association between hepatobiliary diseases and later decline in executive functioning across 6 years varied by cognitive reserve. For this purpose, we investigated longitudinal data from 897 older individuals ( M = 74.33 years) tested using the Trail Making Test (TMT) in two waves 6 years apart. Individuals reported information on key commonly used indicators of lifelong cognitive reserve build-up (i.e., education, work, and participation in leisure activity) and hepatobiliary diseases. The results revealed a significant interaction of hepatobiliary diseases with participation in leisure activity on latent change in executive functioning. Specifically, only in individuals with little (but not greater) participation in leisure activity did hepatobiliary diseases significantly predict a steeper decline in executive functioning over 6 years (i.e., increases in TMT finishing time). In conclusion, the unfavorable aftereffects of hepatobiliary diseases on a later decline in executive functioning seem to be mitigated in individuals who have built up greater cognitive reserve via participation in leisure activity during their life.
Andreas Ihle; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Maximilian Haas; Sascha Zuber; Dan Orsholits; Boris Cheval; Stefan Sieber; Stéphane Cullati; Matthias Kliegel. Cognitive Reserve Mitigates Decline in Executive Functioning Following Hepatobiliary Diseases. Swiss Journal of Psychology 2020, 79, 149 -154.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Maximilian Haas, Sascha Zuber, Dan Orsholits, Boris Cheval, Stefan Sieber, Stéphane Cullati, Matthias Kliegel. Cognitive Reserve Mitigates Decline in Executive Functioning Following Hepatobiliary Diseases. Swiss Journal of Psychology. 2020; 79 (3-4):149-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Maximilian Haas; Sascha Zuber; Dan Orsholits; Boris Cheval; Stefan Sieber; Stéphane Cullati; Matthias Kliegel. 2020. "Cognitive Reserve Mitigates Decline in Executive Functioning Following Hepatobiliary Diseases." Swiss Journal of Psychology 79, no. 3-4: 149-154.
Aims: We investigated whether the longitudinal relation between cognitive reserve accumulated across the lifespan and rate of cognitive decline over 6 years differed by the individual’s degree of functional impairment. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults (M = 74.33 years) tested on the Trail Making Test (TMT) in 2 waves 6 years apart. Results: There was a significant interaction of functional impairment with cognitive reserve on latent change in cognitive functioning. Specifically, with no functional impairment in the first wave of assessment, greater cognitive reserve accumulated across the lifespan significantly predicted a reduced cognitive decline over 6 years (i.e., smaller increase in TMT completion time). In contrast, with certain functional impairment (in at least some activities) in the first wave, greater cognitive reserve build-up predicted a steeper cognitive decline (i.e., larger increase in TMT completion time). Conclusion: Individuals with greater cognitive reserve accumulated across the lifespan show a reduced cognitive decline if they still have relatively little functional impairment, while they will show a steeper decline (compared to individuals with less cognitive reserve) as soon as functional impairment becomes substantial.
Andreas Ihle; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Dan Orsholits; Michel Oris; Matthias Kliegel. Solving the Puzzle of Cognitive Reserve Effects on Cognitive Decline: The Importance of Considering Functional Impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2020, 49, 349 -354.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Dan Orsholits, Michel Oris, Matthias Kliegel. Solving the Puzzle of Cognitive Reserve Effects on Cognitive Decline: The Importance of Considering Functional Impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2020; 49 (4):349-354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Dan Orsholits; Michel Oris; Matthias Kliegel. 2020. "Solving the Puzzle of Cognitive Reserve Effects on Cognitive Decline: The Importance of Considering Functional Impairment." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 49, no. 4: 349-354.
We investigated the longitudinal relationship between physical fitness (flexibility, functional strength, and running speed-agility components) and subsequent change in academic achievement across one school year. We also examined whether this longitudinal relationship differed as a function of pupils’ age, controlling for sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. Academic achievement in terms of marks in Portuguese and mathematics was recorded from 142 pupils (M = 14.59 years; SD = 1.99, range 11–18), between autumn 2017 and summer 2018. The physical fitness components, including flexibility, functional strength, and running speed-agility, were assessed at the baseline (i.e., at the beginning of the school year). Latent change score modelling revealed that higher physical fitness level at baseline significantly predicted a subsequent improvement in academic achievement across the school year. This longitudinal relationship was significantly stronger in younger compared to older pupils. Physical fitness and its interaction with age predicted 45.7% of the variance in the change in academic achievement. In conclusion, a better physical fitness profile including flexibility, functional strength, and running speed-agility explains a subsequent improvement in academic achievement. This longitudinal relationship seems to be age-dependent.
Élvio Gouveia; Bruna Gouveia; Adilson Marques; Helder Lopes; Ana Rodrigues; Miguel Peralta; Matthias Kliegel; Andreas Ihle. Physical Fitness Predicts Subsequent Improvement in Academic Achievement: Differential Patterns Depending on Pupils’ Age. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8874 .
AMA StyleÉlvio Gouveia, Bruna Gouveia, Adilson Marques, Helder Lopes, Ana Rodrigues, Miguel Peralta, Matthias Kliegel, Andreas Ihle. Physical Fitness Predicts Subsequent Improvement in Academic Achievement: Differential Patterns Depending on Pupils’ Age. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÉlvio Gouveia; Bruna Gouveia; Adilson Marques; Helder Lopes; Ana Rodrigues; Miguel Peralta; Matthias Kliegel; Andreas Ihle. 2020. "Physical Fitness Predicts Subsequent Improvement in Academic Achievement: Differential Patterns Depending on Pupils’ Age." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8874.
Aims: We investigated whether the longitudinal relation between memory complaints and subsequent decline in executive functioning over 6 years differed by leisure activity engagement as major contributor to cognitive reserve in old age. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults (M = 74.33 years) tested on the Trail Making Test (TMT) in two waves 6 years apart. Participants reported information on memory complaints and leisure activity engagement. Results: There was a significant interaction of memory complaints with leisure activity engagement on latent change in executive functioning. Specifically, only for individuals with less (but not those with greater) leisure activity engagement, memory complaints significantly predicted a steeper subsequent decline in executive functioning across 6 years (i.e., increases in TMT completion time). Conclusion: The role of memory complaints as an early predictor of decline in executive functioning seems to vary by individuals’ cognitive reserve.
Andreas Ihle; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Matthias Kliegel. Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Predictive Role of Memory Complaints for Subsequent Decline in Executive Functioning. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 2020, 10, 69 -73.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel. Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Predictive Role of Memory Complaints for Subsequent Decline in Executive Functioning. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. 2020; 10 (2):69-73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Matthias Kliegel. 2020. "Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Predictive Role of Memory Complaints for Subsequent Decline in Executive Functioning." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 10, no. 2: 69-73.
Objectives: From a longitudinal perspective, the direction of the relationship between cognitive functioning and well-being in old age, both conceptually and empirically, is still under debate. Therefore, we aimed to disentangle the different longitudinal relationship patterns proposed and whether those differed between young-old and old-old adults. Methods: We used latent change score modeling based on longitudinal data from 1,040 older adults ( M = 74.54 years at Time 1 [T1], median = 73 years) to analyze reciprocal lead–lag relationships over 6 years in executive functioning (trail making test [TMT] completion time) and well-being (life satisfaction), taking into account chronological age, sex, education, leisure activities, and chronic diseases. Results: In young-old adults ( Discussion: Lower executive functioning may predict a subsequent decline in well-being in young-old adults only. Wider implications in a context of promotion of healthy aging are discussed.
Andreas Ihle; Paolo Ghisletta; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Michel Oris; Jürgen Maurer; Matthias Kliegel. Lower executive functioning predicts steeper subsequent decline in well-being only in young-old but not old-old age. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2020, 45, 97 -108.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Paolo Ghisletta, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Michel Oris, Jürgen Maurer, Matthias Kliegel. Lower executive functioning predicts steeper subsequent decline in well-being only in young-old but not old-old age. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2020; 45 (2):97-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Paolo Ghisletta; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Michel Oris; Jürgen Maurer; Matthias Kliegel. 2020. "Lower executive functioning predicts steeper subsequent decline in well-being only in young-old but not old-old age." International Journal of Behavioral Development 45, no. 2: 97-108.
Internet use provides cognitive stimulation and thereby may contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve that is proposed to be instrumental for maintaining cognitive health in ageing. As the first study so far, we examined possible gender differences in the relationship between Internet use and subsequent cognitive decline over six years assessed through changes in Trail Making Test (TMT) accomplishment time in 897 older adults. Latent change score modelling (taking into account baseline cognitive level, chronic diseases, age, and central contributions to cognitive reserve through education, profession, and leisure engagement) revealed a significant interaction of frequency of Internet use and gender. More frequent Internet use in the first wave of data collection significantly predicted a smaller subsequent augmentation in TMT accomplishment time (i.e., a smaller subsequent cognitive decline) only in men, but not in women. In conclusion, frequent Internet use may contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve. The gender difference noted highlights an advantage for males. While this finding could be interpreted as gender-specific, it may be that the Internet activities males engage in differ from those of females, calling for a fine-grained investigation of Internet-based activities in future studies.
Andreas Ihle; Daphne Bavelier; Jürgen Maurer; Michel Oris; Matthias Kliegel. Internet use in old age predicts smaller cognitive decline only in men. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -10.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Daphne Bavelier, Jürgen Maurer, Michel Oris, Matthias Kliegel. Internet use in old age predicts smaller cognitive decline only in men. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Daphne Bavelier; Jürgen Maurer; Michel Oris; Matthias Kliegel. 2020. "Internet use in old age predicts smaller cognitive decline only in men." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-10.
Burnout is a stress-related, psychological syndrome due to high levels of job stressors. It has been found to be related to impairments of well-being, health, and job outcomes. Alterations of glucocorticoid secretion might be a mechanism explaining the linkage between burnout and reduced psychophysical functioning. Regarding hair cortisol as indicator this assumption, so far, has been only examined in cross-sectional studies. Therefore, we aimed to compare cross-sectional and prospective associations between different burnout symptoms and hair cortisol, additionally investigating potential nonlinear associations. The prospective study sample comprises 194 employees (95% nurses) from German geriatric care. We assessed burnout symptoms at baseline (t1) and 6 months later (t2) and collected hair samples for cortisol analyses at t2. We found significant cross-sectional and prospective nonlinear (i.e., exponential) but not linear relationships between an aggregated measure of the burnout subscales emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced efficacy and hair cortisol, even after adjusting for BMI and depressive mood. None of the single subscales of burnout was related to hair cortisol after adjusting for confounders. Our findings further support the assumption that accumulated burnout symptoms and hypercorticolism are positively related.
Johannes Wendsche; Andreas Ihle; Jürgen Wegge; Marlene Sophie Penz; Clemens Kirschbaum; Matthias Kliegel. Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2020, 93, 779 -788.
AMA StyleJohannes Wendsche, Andreas Ihle, Jürgen Wegge, Marlene Sophie Penz, Clemens Kirschbaum, Matthias Kliegel. Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2020; 93 (6):779-788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Wendsche; Andreas Ihle; Jürgen Wegge; Marlene Sophie Penz; Clemens Kirschbaum; Matthias Kliegel. 2020. "Prospective associations between burnout symptomatology and hair cortisol." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 93, no. 6: 779-788.
Objectives: Social reserve such as having close friends helps promoting activity engagement in old age. Activity engagement in turn contributes to the accumulation of cognitive reserve and is a key predictor for maintaining executive functioning in aging. We investigated the mediating role of leisure activity engagement in the longitudinal relation between close friends and subsequent change in executive functioning as measured through performance changes in the Trail Making Test (TMT). Design, Setting, and Participants: Longitudinal study with 897 older adults tested in two waves 6 years apart, analyzed using latent change score modeling. Measurements: TMT parts A and B, leisure activity engagement, and close friends. Results: A larger number of close friends in the first wave of data collection was related to a higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave. A higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave significantly predicted a smaller subsequent increase in TMT completion time from the first to the second wave (i.e. a smaller decline in executive functioning). Importantly, 41.3% of the longitudinal relation between a larger number of close friends in the first wave and a smaller subsequent increase in TMT completion time (i.e. a smaller decline in executive functioning) was mediated via a higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave. Conclusions: Social reserve such as having close friends may help promoting activity engagement in old age. By enhancing individuals’ cognitive reserve, this activity engagement may finally result in smaller subsequent decline in executive functioning in aging.
Andreas Ihle; Michel Oris; Marie Baeriswyl; Sascha Zuber; Stephane Cullati; Jürgen Maurer; Matthias Kliegel. The longitudinal relation between social reserve and smaller subsequent decline in executive functioning in old age is mediated via cognitive reserve. International Psychogeriatrics 2019, 33, 461 -467.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Michel Oris, Marie Baeriswyl, Sascha Zuber, Stephane Cullati, Jürgen Maurer, Matthias Kliegel. The longitudinal relation between social reserve and smaller subsequent decline in executive functioning in old age is mediated via cognitive reserve. International Psychogeriatrics. 2019; 33 (5):461-467.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Michel Oris; Marie Baeriswyl; Sascha Zuber; Stephane Cullati; Jürgen Maurer; Matthias Kliegel. 2019. "The longitudinal relation between social reserve and smaller subsequent decline in executive functioning in old age is mediated via cognitive reserve." International Psychogeriatrics 33, no. 5: 461-467.
We investigated the associations of prospective memory (PM) with memory, attentional control, and conscientiousness and whether they differed between young-old (YO) and old-old adults (OO). We analyzed data from 562 older adults (mean = 80.04 years) who were tested on four PM tasks, memory (immediate and delayed cued recall), attentional control (letter and category fluency), and reported conscientiousness. Latent variable analyses showed that in both YO and OO PM was associated with memory and attentional control (but not conscientiousness). Notably, testing for moderation effects revealed that the relation between PM and attentional control was significantly stronger in YO than in OO. YO may be able to better (than OO) achieve a good PM performance with good attentional control.
Andreas Ihle; Matthias Kliegel; Nicola Ballhausen; Chloé Da Silva Coelho; Maximilian Haas; Alexandra Hering; Morgane Künzi; Gianvito Laera; Greta Mikneviciute; Doriana Tinello; Sascha Zuber. Prospective Memory Relates to Attentional Control: Differential Patterns in Old Age. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2019, 48, 79 -82.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Matthias Kliegel, Nicola Ballhausen, Chloé Da Silva Coelho, Maximilian Haas, Alexandra Hering, Morgane Künzi, Gianvito Laera, Greta Mikneviciute, Doriana Tinello, Sascha Zuber. Prospective Memory Relates to Attentional Control: Differential Patterns in Old Age. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2019; 48 (1-2):79-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Matthias Kliegel; Nicola Ballhausen; Chloé Da Silva Coelho; Maximilian Haas; Alexandra Hering; Morgane Künzi; Gianvito Laera; Greta Mikneviciute; Doriana Tinello; Sascha Zuber. 2019. "Prospective Memory Relates to Attentional Control: Differential Patterns in Old Age." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 48, no. 1-2: 79-82.
We investigated the mediating role of leisure activity engagement in the longitudinal relation between openness to experience and subsequent change in executive functioning over 6 years as measured through performance changes in the Trail Making Test (TMT). We analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults (mean = 74.33 years in the first wave) tested on TMT parts A and B in two waves 6 years apart. Participants reported information on leisure activity engagement and openness to experience. Latent change score modeling revealed that 37.2% of the longitudinal relation between higher openness to experience in the first wave of data collection and a smaller subsequent increase in TMT completion time from the first to the second wave (i.e., a smaller decline in executive functioning) was mediated via a higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave. Individuals with higher openness to experience show greater activity engagement in old age. By enhancing their cognitive reserve, this activity engagement may finally result in smaller subsequent decline in executive functioning.
Andreas Ihle; Sascha Zuber; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Nathalie Mella; Olivier Desrichard; Stephane Cullati; Michel Oris; Jürgen Maurer; Matthias Kliegel. Cognitive Reserve Mediates the Relation between Openness to Experience and Smaller Decline in Executive Functioning. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2019, 48, 39 -44.
AMA StyleAndreas Ihle, Sascha Zuber, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Nathalie Mella, Olivier Desrichard, Stephane Cullati, Michel Oris, Jürgen Maurer, Matthias Kliegel. Cognitive Reserve Mediates the Relation between Openness to Experience and Smaller Decline in Executive Functioning. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2019; 48 (1-2):39-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Ihle; Sascha Zuber; Élvio R. Gouveia; Bruna R. Gouveia; Nathalie Mella; Olivier Desrichard; Stephane Cullati; Michel Oris; Jürgen Maurer; Matthias Kliegel. 2019. "Cognitive Reserve Mediates the Relation between Openness to Experience and Smaller Decline in Executive Functioning." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 48, no. 1-2: 39-44.