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Dr. Luis Diez
Department of Communications Engineering, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Congestion Control
0 Machine Learning
0 Network Virtualization
0 5g
0 Radio Resource Management

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5g
Congestion Control
Network Virtualization
functional split
Machine Learning
Radio Resource Management

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Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in IEEE Access
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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are envisioned as a complementary or integrated part of 5G and future 6G networks for broadband or massive access, given their capabilities of full Earth coverage in inaccessible or very isolated environments. Although the queuing and end-to-end delays of such networks have been analyzed for channels with fixed statistics, currently there is a lack in understanding the effects of more realistic time-varying channels for traffic aggregation across such networks. Therefore, in this work we propose a queuing model for LEO constellation-based networks that captures the inherent variability of realistic satellite channels, where ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links may present extremely poor connection periods due to the Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) channel. We verify the validity of our model with an extensive event-driven simulator framework analysis capturing the characteristics of the considered scenario. We later study the queuing and end-to-end delay distributions under such channels with various link, traffic, packet and background conditions, while observing good match between theory and simulation. Our results show that ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links and background traffic have a much stronger impact over the end-to-end delay in mean and particularly variance, even with moderate queues, than unobstructed inter-satellite connections in outer space on an established path between two ground stations and through the constellation. This might hinder the usability of these networks for services with stringent time requirements.

ACS Style

Nestor J. Hernandez Marcano; Luis Diez; Ramon Aguero; Rune Hylsberg Jacobsen. On the Queuing Delay of Time-Varying Channels in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Nestor J. Hernandez Marcano, Luis Diez, Ramon Aguero, Rune Hylsberg Jacobsen. On the Queuing Delay of Time-Varying Channels in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nestor J. Hernandez Marcano; Luis Diez; Ramon Aguero; Rune Hylsberg Jacobsen. 2021. "On the Queuing Delay of Time-Varying Channels in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellations." IEEE Access 9, no. : 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management
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We study Flexible Functional Split functionality of 5G vRAN controllers in 5G networks. We propose an innovative model, based on a Markov Chain, which can be used to characterize their performance. We consider both infinite and finite-buffer controllers. In the former, frames would not be lost (provided the system works in a stable regime), and we thus focus on the time frames stay at the controller. For the finite-buffer controller, there might be losses, and we analyze the trade-off between time at the controller (which might hinder the stringent delay requirements of 5G services), and loss probability. Matrix-geometric techniques are used to resolve the corresponding Quasi-Birth-Death process. The validity of the proposed model is assessed by means of an extensive experiment campaign carried out over an ad-hoc event-driven simulator, which is also used to broaden the analysis, considering different service rate distributions, as well as the variability of the studied performance indicators. The results show that the proposed model can be effectively exploited to tackle the dimensioning of these systems, as it sheds light on how their configuration impacts the expected delay and loss rate.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Cristina Hervella; Ramon Aguero. Understanding the Performance of Flexible Functional Split in 5G vRAN Controllers: A Markov Chain-Based Model. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2020, 18, 456 -468.

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Cristina Hervella, Ramon Aguero. Understanding the Performance of Flexible Functional Split in 5G vRAN Controllers: A Markov Chain-Based Model. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management. 2020; 18 (1):456-468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Cristina Hervella; Ramon Aguero. 2020. "Understanding the Performance of Flexible Functional Split in 5G vRAN Controllers: A Markov Chain-Based Model." IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 18, no. 1: 456-468.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in IEEE Access
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Worldwide cities are involved in a digital transformation phase specially focused on sustainability and improving citizen’s quality of life. However, such objectives are hard to achieve if the migration of the urban processes are not performed following a common approach. Under the paradigm of smart city, different Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been deployed over urban environments to enable such digital transformation. However, actual implementations differ from one city to another, and even between services within the same city. As a consequence, the deployment of urban services is hindered, since they need to be tailored to each city. In addition, the isolation of urban services obstructs its optimization, since it cannot harness contextual information coming from other services. All in all, it is necessary to implement tools and mechanisms that allow us to ensure that city solutions and their vertical services are interoperable. In order to tackle this issue, different initiatives have proposed architectures that homogenize the interaction with smart cities from different angles. However, so far the compliance with such architectures has not been assessed. Having this in mind, in this work we present a validation framework, developed under the umbrella of the SynchroniCity project, which aims to verify that interfaces and data exposed by cities are aligned with the adopted standards and data models. In this regard, the validation framework presented here is the technical enabler for the creation of an interoperability certificate for smart cities. To assess the benefits of the validation framework, we have used it to check the interoperability of 21 smart city deployments worldwide that adhered the SynchroniCity guidelines. Afterwards, during an open call a total number of 37 services have been deployed over such SynchroniCity instances, thus confirming the goodness of uniform and validated smart cities to foster service replicability.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Johnny Choque; Luis Sanchez; Luis Munoz. Fostering IoT Service Replicability in Interoperable Urban Ecosystems. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 228480 -228495.

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Johnny Choque, Luis Sanchez, Luis Munoz. Fostering IoT Service Replicability in Interoperable Urban Ecosystems. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():228480-228495.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Johnny Choque; Luis Sanchez; Luis Munoz. 2020. "Fostering IoT Service Replicability in Interoperable Urban Ecosystems." IEEE Access 8, no. : 228480-228495.

Conference paper
Published: 12 October 2020 in 2020 16th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)(50308)
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This paper studies how learning techniques can be used by the congestion control algorithms employed by transport protocols over 5G wireless channels, in particular millimeter waves. We show how metrics measured at the transport layer might be valuable to ascertain the congestion level. In situations characterized by a high correlation between such parameters and the actual congestion, it is observed that the performance of unsupervised learning methods is comparable to supervised learning approaches. Exploiting the ns-3 platform to perform an in-depth, realistic assessment, allows us to study the impact of various layers of the protocol stack. We also consider different scheduling policies to discriminate whether the allocation of radio resources impacts the performance of the proposed scheme.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Ramon Aguero; Alfonso Fernandez; Yasir Zaki; Muhammad Khan. Learning congestion over millimeter-wave channels. 2020 16th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)(50308) 2020, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Ramon Aguero, Alfonso Fernandez, Yasir Zaki, Muhammad Khan. Learning congestion over millimeter-wave channels. 2020 16th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)(50308). 2020; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Ramon Aguero; Alfonso Fernandez; Yasir Zaki; Muhammad Khan. 2020. "Learning congestion over millimeter-wave channels." 2020 16th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)(50308) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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It is well known that transport protocol performance is severely hindered by wireless channel impairments. We study the applicability of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to predict congestion status of 5G access networks, in particular mmWave links. We use realistic traces, using the 3GPP channel models, without being affected using legacy congestion-control solutions. We start by identifying the metrics that might be exploited from the transport layer to learn the congestion state: delay and inter-arrival time. We formally study their correlation with the perceived congestion, which we ascertain based on buffer length variation. Then, we conduct an extensive analysis of various unsupervised and supervised solutions, which are used as a benchmark. The results yield that unsupervised ML solutions can detect a large percentage of congestion situations and they could thus bring interesting possibilities when designing congestion-control solutions for next-generation transport protocols.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Alfonso Fernández; Muhammad Khan; Yasir Zaki; Ramón Agüero. Can We Exploit Machine Learning to Predict Congestion over mmWave 5G Channels? Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6164 .

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Alfonso Fernández, Muhammad Khan, Yasir Zaki, Ramón Agüero. Can We Exploit Machine Learning to Predict Congestion over mmWave 5G Channels? Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (18):6164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Alfonso Fernández; Muhammad Khan; Yasir Zaki; Ramón Agüero. 2020. "Can We Exploit Machine Learning to Predict Congestion over mmWave 5G Channels?" Applied Sciences 10, no. 18: 6164.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2020 in 2020 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)
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Worldwide cities are involved in a digital transformation phase. More sustainable cities and improving citizen’s quality of life are the leit motiv of such transformation. However, such aims are difficult to achieve if the migration of the urban processes are not carried out following a common approach. Optimizing the behavior of any specific urban service needs to be performed taking into consideration both the service itself as well as its interaction with adjacent services. This means that any solution aiming to achieve the autonomous city management paradigm is tightly related to the adoption of common frameworks which are able to guarantee interoperability with other systems. Furthermore, cities themselves are not isolated systems. Well the opposite, cities interact one to the each other depending on different attributes. This implies that sooner or later optimizing some processes in one city without having in mind the adjacency to others might not be efficient enough. Hence, interoperability among cities will become a must, not just in terms of optimization but also replicability. Based on this boundary conditions this paper describes a framework aimed to ensure interoperability and replicability among cities. Some of the tools for assessing compliance with specific standardization activities are also presented.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Ignacio Elicegui; Luis Sanchez; Luis Munoz. Fostering inter-operable urban ecosystems through the adoption of common frameworks. 2020 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) 2020, 331 -335.

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Ignacio Elicegui, Luis Sanchez, Luis Munoz. Fostering inter-operable urban ecosystems through the adoption of common frameworks. 2020 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). 2020; ():331-335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Ignacio Elicegui; Luis Sanchez; Luis Munoz. 2020. "Fostering inter-operable urban ecosystems through the adoption of common frameworks." 2020 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) , no. : 331-335.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in IEEE Internet of Things Journal
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Smart cities solutions are often monolithically implemented, from sensors data handling through to the provided services. The same challenges are regularly faced by different developers, for every new solution in a new city. Expertise and know-how can be re-used and the effort shared. In this article we present the methodologies to minimize the efforts of implementing new smart city solutions and maximizing the sharing of components. The final target is to have a live technical community of smart city application developers. The results of this activity comes from the implementation of 35 city services in 27 cities between Europe and South Korea. To share efforts, we encourage developers to devise applications using a modular approach. Single-function components that are re-usable by other city services are packaged and published as standalone components, named Atomic Services. We identify 15 atomic services addressing smart city challenges in data analytics, data evaluation, data integration, data validation, and visualization. 38 instances of the atomic services are already operational in several smart city services. We detail in this article, as atomic service examples, some data predictor components. Furthermore, we describe real-world atomic services usage in the scenarios of Santander and three Danish cities. The resulting atomic services also generate a side market for smart city solutions, allowing expertise and know-how to be re-used by different stakeholders.

ACS Style

Flavio Cirillo; David Gomez; Luis Diez; Ignacio Elicegui Maestro; Thomas Barrie Juel Gilbert; Reza Akhavan. Smart City IoT Services Creation Through Large-Scale Collaboration. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2020, 7, 5267 -5275.

AMA Style

Flavio Cirillo, David Gomez, Luis Diez, Ignacio Elicegui Maestro, Thomas Barrie Juel Gilbert, Reza Akhavan. Smart City IoT Services Creation Through Large-Scale Collaboration. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2020; 7 (6):5267-5275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Flavio Cirillo; David Gomez; Luis Diez; Ignacio Elicegui Maestro; Thomas Barrie Juel Gilbert; Reza Akhavan. 2020. "Smart City IoT Services Creation Through Large-Scale Collaboration." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, no. 6: 5267-5275.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2019 in 2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)
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In this paper we propose a novel model for the uplink in heterogeneous cellular networks. Opposed to previous works, we accurately account for the mutual interference caused by other users’ connections, and we pose an optimization problem that can be straightforwardly solved to establish the minimum required transmission power that satisfies the minimum Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) constraint. We assess the validity of the proposed approach by comparing the observed results with those obtained with a traditional closed-loop power control scheme. The main benefit of our solution is that it does not require any iteration to find the transmission power, while legacy approaches usually need a number of steps before finding it. Finally, we study the behavior of the uplink for different access selection strategies, and we compare the SINR and transmission power of open-loop and closed-loop power control solutions.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Ramon Aguero. Uplink power control modeling for dense OFDMA-based heterogeneous networks. 2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) 2019, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Ramon Aguero. Uplink power control modeling for dense OFDMA-based heterogeneous networks. 2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). 2019; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Ramon Aguero. 2019. "Uplink power control modeling for dense OFDMA-based heterogeneous networks." 2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2019 in 2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall)
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It is well known that network function virtualization will be a key enabler to meet the stringent requirements of 5G networks. However, fully centralized approaches, such as Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN), might not be feasible, considering the particular needs of the fronthaul links and the large cost of implementing such architectural shift. In this sense, flexible functional split brings a practical solution, which trades off performance and practicability. In spite of the growing interest in flexible functional split, little attention has been paid to the interaction of split selection and scheduling. In this paper, we analyze joint strategies that minimize traffic delay. We compare the global optimum solution with partial optimizations, that can be more suitable in practical implementations, using different scenarios. According to our results, fixed scheduling behaves alike the global optimum in heterogeneous RAN scenarios. Furthermore, we observe that it is usually better to optimize the split degree for fixed scheduling setups, than deciding a scheduling policy for a particular split configuration.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Victor Gonzalez; Ramon Aguero. Minimizing Delay in NFV 5G Networks by Means of Flexible Split Selection and Scheduling. 2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall) 2019, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Victor Gonzalez, Ramon Aguero. Minimizing Delay in NFV 5G Networks by Means of Flexible Split Selection and Scheduling. 2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall). 2019; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Victor Gonzalez; Ramon Aguero. 2019. "Minimizing Delay in NFV 5G Networks by Means of Flexible Split Selection and Scheduling." 2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2019 in IEEE Access
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Secure electronic identification (eID) is one of the key enablers of data protection, privacy and the prevention of online fraud. However, until now, the lack of common legal basis prevented European Member States from recognizing and accepting eIDs issued in other Member States. The Electronic Identification and Trust Services (eIDAS) Regulation provides a solution to these issues by ensuring the cross-border mutual recognition of eIDs. FIWARE is an European initiative that provides a rather simple yet powerful set of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that ease the development of Smart Applications in multiple vertical sectors and oriented to the Future Internet. In this paper we propose a model that enables the connection of FIWARE OAuth 2.0-based services with the eID authentication provided by eIDAS reference. Thanks to this model, services already connected with an OAuth 2.0 identity provider can be automatically connected with eIDAS nodes for providing eID authentication to European citizens. For validating the proposed model we have deployed an instance of the FIWARE Identity Manager connected to the Spanish eIDAS node. Then, we have registered two services (a private videoconferencing system and a public smart city deployment) and extended their functionalities for enriching the user experience leveraging the eID authentication. We have evaluated the integration of both services in the eIDAS network with real users from seven different countries. We conclude that the proposed model facilitates the integration of generic and FIWARE-based OAuth 2.0 services to the eIDAS infrastructure, making the connection transparent for developers.

ACS Style

Alvaro Alonso; Alejandro Pozo; Johnny Choque; Gloria Bueno; Joaquin Salvachua; Luis Diez; Jorge Marin; Pedro Luis Chas Alonso. An Identity Framework for Providing Access to FIWARE OAuth 2.0-Based Services According to the eIDAS European Regulation. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 88435 -88449.

AMA Style

Alvaro Alonso, Alejandro Pozo, Johnny Choque, Gloria Bueno, Joaquin Salvachua, Luis Diez, Jorge Marin, Pedro Luis Chas Alonso. An Identity Framework for Providing Access to FIWARE OAuth 2.0-Based Services According to the eIDAS European Regulation. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):88435-88449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alvaro Alonso; Alejandro Pozo; Johnny Choque; Gloria Bueno; Joaquin Salvachua; Luis Diez; Jorge Marin; Pedro Luis Chas Alonso. 2019. "An Identity Framework for Providing Access to FIWARE OAuth 2.0-Based Services According to the eIDAS European Regulation." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 88435-88449.

Article
Published: 11 June 2019 in Wireless Networks
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The cell assignment problem is combinatorial, with increased complexity when it is tackled considering resource allocation. This paper models joint cell assignment and resource allocation for cellular heterogeneous networks, and formalizes cell assignment as an optimization problem. Exact algorithms can find optimal solutions to the cell assignment problem, but their execution time increases drastically with realistic network deployments. In turn, heuristics are able to find solutions in reasonable execution times, but they get usually stuck in local optima, thus failing to find optimal solutions. Metaheuristic approaches have been successful in finding solutions closer to the optimum one to combinatorial problems for large instances. In this paper we propose a fast and efficient heuristic that yields very competitive cell assignment solutions compared to those obtained with three of the most widely-used metaheuristics, which are known to find solutions close to the optimum due to the nature of their search space exploration. Our heuristic approach adds energy expenditure reduction in its algorithmic design. Through simulation and formal statistical analysis, the proposed scheme has been proved to produce efficient assignments in terms of the number of served users, resource allocation and energy savings, while being an order of magnitude faster than metaheuritsic-based approaches.

ACS Style

Javier Rubio-Loyola; Christian Aguilar-Fuster; Luis Diez; Ramon Agüero; Juan Luis-Gorricho; Joan Serrat. Fast and efficient energy-oriented cell assignment in heterogeneous networks. Wireless Networks 2019, 26, 3119 -3137.

AMA Style

Javier Rubio-Loyola, Christian Aguilar-Fuster, Luis Diez, Ramon Agüero, Juan Luis-Gorricho, Joan Serrat. Fast and efficient energy-oriented cell assignment in heterogeneous networks. Wireless Networks. 2019; 26 (5):3119-3137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Rubio-Loyola; Christian Aguilar-Fuster; Luis Diez; Ramon Agüero; Juan Luis-Gorricho; Joan Serrat. 2019. "Fast and efficient energy-oriented cell assignment in heterogeneous networks." Wireless Networks 26, no. 5: 3119-3137.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2019 in 2019 Global IoT Summit (GIoTS)
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In a world with an ever increasing urbanization, governance is investigating innovative solutions to sustain the society evolution. Internet-of-Things promises huge benefits for cities and the proliferation of smart city deployments demonstrates the common acceptance of IoT as basis for many solutions. The city pilots developments occurred in parallel and with different designs thus creating fragmentation of IoT. The European project SynchroniCity aims to synchronize 8 smart cities to establish a shared environment fostering a self-sustained business growth. In this article we present the collaborative methodology and shared efforts spent towards the creation of a common ecosystem for the development of smart city services. Our design evolves around the concept of ”atomic services” that implements a single functional block to be composed for full-fledged smart city services. This creates opportunities for diverse stakeholders to participate to a global smart cities market. The methodology and outcome of our efforts will be followed by 10 new cities globally, thus expanding the market range for IoT stakeholders.

ACS Style

Flavio Cirillo; Detlef Straeten; David Gomez; Jose Gato; Luis Diez; Ignacio Elicegui Maestro; Reza Akhavan. Atomic Services: sustainable ecosystem of smart city services through pan-European collaboration. 2019 Global IoT Summit (GIoTS) 2019, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Flavio Cirillo, Detlef Straeten, David Gomez, Jose Gato, Luis Diez, Ignacio Elicegui Maestro, Reza Akhavan. Atomic Services: sustainable ecosystem of smart city services through pan-European collaboration. 2019 Global IoT Summit (GIoTS). 2019; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Flavio Cirillo; Detlef Straeten; David Gomez; Jose Gato; Luis Diez; Ignacio Elicegui Maestro; Reza Akhavan. 2019. "Atomic Services: sustainable ecosystem of smart city services through pan-European collaboration." 2019 Global IoT Summit (GIoTS) , no. : 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2019 in Sensors
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Under the smart city paradigm, cities are changing at a rapid pace. In this context, it is necessary to develop tools that allow service providers to perform rapid deployments of novel solutions that can be validated by citizens. In this sense, the OrganiCity experimentation-as-a-service platform brings about a unique solution to experiment with new urban services in a co-creative way, among all the involved stakeholders. On top of this, it is also necessary to ensure that users are engaged in the experimentation process, so as to guarantee that the resulting services actually fulfill their needs. In this work, we present the engagement monitoring framework that has been developed within the OrganiCity platform. This framework permits the tailored definition of metrics according to the experiment characteristics and provides valuable information about how citizens react to service modifications and incentivization campaigns.

ACS Style

Johnny Choque; Luis Diez; Arturo Medela; Luis Muñoz. Experimentation Management in the Co-Created Smart-City: Incentivization and Citizen Engagement. Sensors 2019, 19, 411 .

AMA Style

Johnny Choque, Luis Diez, Arturo Medela, Luis Muñoz. Experimentation Management in the Co-Created Smart-City: Incentivization and Citizen Engagement. Sensors. 2019; 19 (2):411.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johnny Choque; Luis Diez; Arturo Medela; Luis Muñoz. 2019. "Experimentation Management in the Co-Created Smart-City: Incentivization and Citizen Engagement." Sensors 19, no. 2: 411.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2019 in Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Millimeter-wave Networks and Sensing Systems - mmNets'19
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ACS Style

Talal Ahmad; Shiva R. Iyer; Luis Diez; Yasir Zaki; Ramón Agüero; Lakshminarayanan Subramanian. Learning Congestion State For mmWave Channels. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Millimeter-wave Networks and Sensing Systems - mmNets'19 2019, 19 -25.

AMA Style

Talal Ahmad, Shiva R. Iyer, Luis Diez, Yasir Zaki, Ramón Agüero, Lakshminarayanan Subramanian. Learning Congestion State For mmWave Channels. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Millimeter-wave Networks and Sensing Systems - mmNets'19. 2019; ():19-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Talal Ahmad; Shiva R. Iyer; Luis Diez; Yasir Zaki; Ramón Agüero; Lakshminarayanan Subramanian. 2019. "Learning Congestion State For mmWave Channels." Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Millimeter-wave Networks and Sensing Systems - mmNets'19 , no. : 19-25.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2018 in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
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Network densification over space and spectrum is expected to be key to enabling the requirements of next generation mobile systems. The pitfall is that radio resource allocation becomes substantially more complex. In this paper we propose LaSR, a practical multi-connectivity scheduler for OFDMA-based multi-RAT systems. LaSR makes optimal discrete control actions by solving a sequence of simple optimization problems that do not require prior information of traffic patterns. In marked contrast to previous work, the flexibility of our approach allows us to construct scheduling policies that achieve a good balance between system cost and utility satisfaction, while jointly operate across heterogeneous RATs, accommodate real-system requirements, and guarantee system stability. Examples of system requirements considered in this paper include (but are not limited to): constraints on how scheduling data can be encoded onto signaling protocols (e.g. LTE's DCI), delays when turning on/off radio units, or on/off cycles when using unlicensed spectrum.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Andres Garcia-Saavedra; Victor Valls; Xi Li; Xavier Costa-Perez; Ramon Aguero. LaSR: A Supple Multi-Connectivity Scheduler for Multi-RAT OFDMA Systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2018, 19, 624 -639.

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Andres Garcia-Saavedra, Victor Valls, Xi Li, Xavier Costa-Perez, Ramon Aguero. LaSR: A Supple Multi-Connectivity Scheduler for Multi-RAT OFDMA Systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. 2018; 19 (3):624-639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Andres Garcia-Saavedra; Victor Valls; Xi Li; Xavier Costa-Perez; Ramon Aguero. 2018. "LaSR: A Supple Multi-Connectivity Scheduler for Multi-RAT OFDMA Systems." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 19, no. 3: 624-639.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2018 in IEEE Internet of Things Journal
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Smart cities are becoming a vibrant application domain for a number of science fields. As such, service providers and stakeholders are beginning to integrate co-creation aspects into current implementations to shape the future smart city solutions. In this context, holistic solutions are required to test such aspects in real city-scale IoT deployments, considering the complex city ecosystems. In this work, we discuss OrganiCity’s implementation of an Experimentation-as-a-Service framework, presenting a toolset that allows developing, deploying and evaluating smart city solutions in a one-stop shop manner. This is the first time such an integrated toolset is offered in the context of a large-scale IoT infrastructure, which spans across multiple European cities. We discuss the design and implementation of the toolset, presenting our view on what Experimentation-as-a-Service should provide, and how it is implemented. We present initial feedback from 25 experimenter teams that have utilized this toolset in the OrganiCity project, along with a discussion on two detailed actual use cases to validate our approach. Learnings from all experiments are discussed as well as architectural considerations for platform scaling. Our feedback from experimenters indicates that Experimentation-as-a-Service is a viable and useful approach.

ACS Style

Dimitrios Amaxilatis; Dennis Boldt; Johnny Choque; Luis Diez; Etienne Gandrille; Sokratis Kartakis; Georgios Mylonas; Lasse Steenbock Vestergaard. Advancing Experimentation-as-a-Service Through Urban IoT Experiments. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2018, 6, 2563 -2572.

AMA Style

Dimitrios Amaxilatis, Dennis Boldt, Johnny Choque, Luis Diez, Etienne Gandrille, Sokratis Kartakis, Georgios Mylonas, Lasse Steenbock Vestergaard. Advancing Experimentation-as-a-Service Through Urban IoT Experiments. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2018; 6 (2):2563-2572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dimitrios Amaxilatis; Dennis Boldt; Johnny Choque; Luis Diez; Etienne Gandrille; Sokratis Kartakis; Georgios Mylonas; Lasse Steenbock Vestergaard. 2018. "Advancing Experimentation-as-a-Service Through Urban IoT Experiments." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 2: 2563-2572.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2018 in Sensors
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The adoption of technologies like the IoT in urban environments, together with the intensive use of smartphones, is driving transformation towards smart cities. Under this perspective, Experimentation-as-a-Service within OrganiCity aims to create an experimental facility with technologies, services, and applications that simplify innovation within urban ecosystems. We discuss here tools that facilitate experimentation, implementing ways to organize, execute, and administer experimentation campaigns in a smart city context. We discuss the benefits of our framework, presenting some preliminary results. This is the first time such tools are paired with large-scale smart city infrastructures, enabling both city-scale experimentation and cross-site experimentation.

ACS Style

Dimitrios Amaxilatis; Georgios Mylonas; Luis Diez; Evangelos Theodoridis; Verónica Gutiérrez; Luis Muñoz. Managing Pervasive Sensing Campaigns via an Experimentation-as-a-Service Platform for Smart Cities. Sensors 2018, 18, 2125 .

AMA Style

Dimitrios Amaxilatis, Georgios Mylonas, Luis Diez, Evangelos Theodoridis, Verónica Gutiérrez, Luis Muñoz. Managing Pervasive Sensing Campaigns via an Experimentation-as-a-Service Platform for Smart Cities. Sensors. 2018; 18 (7):2125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dimitrios Amaxilatis; Georgios Mylonas; Luis Diez; Evangelos Theodoridis; Verónica Gutiérrez; Luis Muñoz. 2018. "Managing Pervasive Sensing Campaigns via an Experimentation-as-a-Service Platform for Smart Cities." Sensors 18, no. 7: 2125.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 June 2018 in 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)
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This paper describes the set of tools developed within the OrganiCity environment to enable citizens incentivization and rewarding. Under the Experimentation as a Service paradigm, OrganiCity enables the agile definition and test of urban experiments in a co-creative way. In this sense, citizens engagement plays a key role to ensure the viability of the experimental services, so that they can eventually become a minimum viable product. In this sense, we will introduce a scalable and modular scheme for engagement metrics definition, so as to quantify the level of participation of citizens in experiments. Furthermore, the paper will describe how this monitor scheme is integrated within OrganiCity, leveraging the information provided by the different services implemented there.

ACS Style

Johnny Choque; Arturo Medela; Juan Echevarria; Luis Diez; Luis Munoz. Enabling incentivization and citizen engagement in the smart-city co-creation paradigm. 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) 2018, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Johnny Choque, Arturo Medela, Juan Echevarria, Luis Diez, Luis Munoz. Enabling incentivization and citizen engagement in the smart-city co-creation paradigm. 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS). 2018; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johnny Choque; Arturo Medela; Juan Echevarria; Luis Diez; Luis Munoz. 2018. "Enabling incentivization and citizen engagement in the smart-city co-creation paradigm." 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 27 September 2017 in Proceedings XIII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica - JITEL2017
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A pesar del notable esfuerzo llevado a cabo porla comunidad científica en el ámbito de la tecnología LTE,aún no existe una metodología globalmente aceptada paraanalizar este tipo de redes. Igualmente, no se conoce unaúnica solución que responda a todos los requisitos que sepueden plantear a la hora de acometer su análisis, de modoque se emplean diferentes herramientas y soluciones, cadauna con sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Una de las limitacionesmás importantes es la dificultad para evaluar escenarios conun número elevado de elementos de red, lo que podría reflejarla situación de redes heterogéneas (HetNets). En otros casos,no se presta mucha atención a las características del nivelde servicio, suponiendo habitualmente que el sistema estásaturado (full-buffer). Este trabajo presenta un entorno desimulación flexible y genérico (GWNSyM - Generic WirelessNetwork System Modeler), que permite el despliegue deescenarios complejos, y el análisis de diferentes técnicasy soluciones de gestión, así como nuevas arquitecturas dered. La herramienta se valida analizando una red muyheterogénea, con un elevado número de usuarios. Sobre esteescenario se han analizado diferentes técnicas de acceso, incluyendoDUDe (Downlink-Uplink Decoupling), que planteaun cambio sustancial frente a las soluciones tradicionales deselección de acceso.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Paula Rodríguez; Paula Sarasúa; Ramón Agüero. Simulación genérica a nivel de sistema para soluciones avanzadas de gestión de recursos. Proceedings XIII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica - JITEL2017 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Paula Rodríguez, Paula Sarasúa, Ramón Agüero. Simulación genérica a nivel de sistema para soluciones avanzadas de gestión de recursos. Proceedings XIII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica - JITEL2017. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Paula Rodríguez; Paula Sarasúa; Ramón Agüero. 2017. "Simulación genérica a nivel de sistema para soluciones avanzadas de gestión de recursos." Proceedings XIII Jornadas de Ingenieria Telematica - JITEL2017 , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2017 in Sensors
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Despite the increasing presence of wireless communications in everyday life, there exist some voices raising concerns about their adverse effects. One particularly relevant example is the potential impact of the electromagnetic field they induce on the population’s health. Traditionally, very specialized methods and devices (dosimetry) have been used to assess the strength of the E-field, with the main objective of checking whether it respects the corresponding regulations. In this paper, we propose a complete novel approach, which exploits the functionality leveraged by a smart city platform. We deploy a number of measuring probes, integrated as sensing devices, to carry out a characterization embracing large areas, as well as long periods of time. This unique platform has been active for more than one year, generating a vast amount of information. We process such information, and the obtained results validate the whole methodology. In addition, we discuss the variation of the E-field caused by cellular networks, considering additional information, such as usage statistics. Finally, we establish the exposure that can be attributed to the base stations within the scenario under analysis.

ACS Style

Luis Diez; Ramón Agüero; Luis Muñoz. Electromagnetic Field Assessment as a Smart City Service: The SmartSantander Use-Case. Sensors 2017, 17, 1250 .

AMA Style

Luis Diez, Ramón Agüero, Luis Muñoz. Electromagnetic Field Assessment as a Smart City Service: The SmartSantander Use-Case. Sensors. 2017; 17 (6):1250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Diez; Ramón Agüero; Luis Muñoz. 2017. "Electromagnetic Field Assessment as a Smart City Service: The SmartSantander Use-Case." Sensors 17, no. 6: 1250.