The development of environmentally benign silicone composites from sugar palm fibre and silicone rubber was carried out in this study. The mechanical, physical, and morphological properties of the composites with sugar palm (SP) filler contents ranging from 0% to 16% by weight (wt%) were investigated. Based on the uniaxial tensile tests, it was found that the increment in filler content led to higher stiffness. Via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the viscoelastic properties of the silicone biocomposite showed that the storage modulus and loss modulus increased with the increment in filler content. The physical properties also revealed that the density and moisture absorption rate increased as the filler content increased. Inversely, the swelling effect of the highest filler content (16 wt%) revealed that its swelling ratio possessed the lowest rate as compared to the lower filler addition and pure silicone rubber. The morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the sugar palm filler was evenly dispersed and no agglomeration could be seen. Thus, it can be concluded that the addition of sugar palm filler enhanced the stiffness property of silicone rubber. These new findings could contribute positively to the employment of natural fibres as reinforcements for greener biocomposite materials.

Aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) alloy is the metal matrix composite (MMCs), widely used in constructions and transports requiring high strength and ductility. This research focused more on the Al-Si as the base alloy which act as matrix component, while Scandium (Sc) act as the reinforcement and inoculants that helps to reduce the grain size of the base alloys, in order to investigate the effect of Sc onto mechanical properties and wear behaviour of Al-Si alloy. In this research, Al-Si was reinforced with 0.2 to 0.8 wt.% Sc. Al-Si and Sc were melted at 720 °C in high temperature furnace. Al-Si-Sc composite then were poured to stainless steel mould and solidified at room temperature. From results obtained, the increment of Sc increased the value of mechanical properties to Al-Si. The ductility of Al-Si was observed much lower in the absence of Sc. The tensile strength of unrefined Al-Si and Al-Si with 0.6 wt.% Sc were 325 and 377.3 MPa. The hardness value for the unrefined Al-Si also shows less compared with Al-Si with 0.8 wt.% Sc, which were 70 and 85 Hv. Results show that 0.6 wt.% Sc gave the lowest wear rate which was 0.7 x 10-4 at 100 N, while for 150 N, the wear rate was 1.25 x 10-4 g/min. Microstructure of Al-Si-Sc composite alloy has much finer compared to unlined Al-Si alloy. Increased Sc in Al-Si alloy influenced the grain refinement and mechanical strength of that composites.