When exposed to an alternating magnetic field, superparamagnetic nanoparticles can elicit the required hyperthermic effect while also being excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Their main drawback is that they diffuse out of the area of interest in one or two days, thus preventing a continuous application during the typical several-cycle multi-week treatment. To solve this issue, our aim was to synthesise an implantable, biodegradable membrane infused with magnetite that enabled long-term treatment while having adequate MRI contrast and hyperthermic capabilities. To immobilise the nanoparticles inside the scaffold, they were synthesised inside hydrogel fibres. First, polysuccinimide (PSI) fibres were produced by electrospinning and crosslinked, and then, magnetitc iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) were synthesised inside and in-between the fibres of the hydrogel membranes with the well-known co-precipitation method. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) investigation proved the success of the chemical synthesis and the presence of iron oxide, and the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) study revealed their superparamagnetic property. The magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of the samples was significant. The given alternating current (AC) magnetic field could induce a temperature rise of 5 °C (from 37 °C to 42 °C) in less than 2 min even for five quick heat-cool cycles or for five consecutive days without considerable heat generation loss in the samples. Short-term (1 day and 7 day) biocompatibility, biodegradability and MRI contrast capability were investigated in vivo on Wistar rats. The results showed excellent MRI contrast and minimal acute inflammation.

The most well-known phytoestrogens (flavonoids, isoflavonoids, lignans, coumestans, stilbenes, and prenylflavonoids) are isoflavonoids, which are important active ingredients in medicinal and food plants. They are highly abundant in the Fabaceae family. More than 1,000 types of isoflavonoids have been isolated from nearly 300 kinds of plants, and more are being discovered through modern analytical methods. Glycosides O and C of isoflavonoids are poorly absorbed in the intestine. They are converted by bacterial esterases and/or β-glycosidase enzymes to aglycones, which are absorbed more efficiently. Their bioavailability shows significant differences due to variation in the intestinal microflora of various races. The compounds formed during their biotransformation are structurally similar to estrogens. In Traditional Chinese medicine, several herbs rich in phytoestrogens are used to prevent and cure various diseases, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tumors, and inflammation; additionally, 185 herbs are used to treat menopausal symptoms. Some of these herbs can be used to alleviate the unpleasant symptoms of menopause and treat breast and prostate cancer. From a nutritional physiology perspective, the consumption of Glycine max and Vigna unguiculata should be emphasized. Soy has been consumed in China for about 5,000 years while it was introduced to Europe nearly 300 years ago. Soybean cultivation in Hungary dates back only 100 years. The assessment of the efficacy of phytoestrogens is unclear. Although several experimental and molecular biology studies have shown favorable results, studies on humans have not shown prominent therapeutic benefits. However, comparing and interpreting the findings of modern studies might elucidate the therapeutic utility of phytoestrogens.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Ma már bizonyítékokra épült elvárás, hogy a hasi műtétek során az atraumatikus műtéti technika, a pontos és teljes vérzéscsillapítás, az idegen anyagok eltávolítása mellett a peritonealis felszín mechanikus károsodását, kiszáradását is el kell kerülni. A hashártya kiterjedt felszínével, különleges szöveti szerkezetével nemcsak fontos szereplője a normális élettani folyamatoknak, hanem mint a „hasüreg őre” fontos szerephez jut a gyulladásos folyamatok lokalizálásában, dializáló felszínként is hasznos, és a daganatok kezelésében teret ad a hipertermiás hasüregi kemoterápiának. A peritoneum-zsák legnagyobb része a vastag- és a vékonybelet borítja be. A posztoperatív szövődmények elkerülésére mind a nyitott, mind a laparoszkópos hasi műtétek során kerülendő a bélállomány kiszáradása, így a rehidrálás ma rutineljárás. Ismeretes, hogy a bél kiszáradása posztoperatív adhéziók létrejöttéhez vezet, továbbá a serosa károsodással jár, ez a bélfal áteresztéséhez, perforációhoz is vezethet. Minden sebészi ajánlás kiemeli a bél nedvesen tartásának fontosságát, miközben az ezt a nézetet támogató, vagy ennek hiányát elemző kutatás, valós hatásvizsgálat elenyésző a szakirodalomban. Közleményünk áttekinti e kérdéskör kórélettani mechanizmusait és sebészi vonatkozásait, összefoglalja a peritoneum összetett funkcióira vonatkozó legújabb kutatások eredményeit. Summary. Introduction: Not only atraumatic surgical technique, precise bleeding control, removal foreign materials from the abdomen, but also avoiding desiccation or mechanical damage of peritoneal surface at abdominal surgery mean today evidence based expectation. Peritoneum with its extensive surface and special histological structure represents an important factor in normal physiological processes, furthermore as “Guard of abdomen” it has an important role to localise inflammatory reactions, useful as dialysing surface and provides also possibility for hyperthermic abdominal chemotherapy in tumour treatment. Largest part of peritoneal sac covers small intestine and colon. To prevent postoperative complications it is necessary to avoid desiccation of intestinal tract at laparoscopic and at open procedures as well – consequently “rehyration” is a routine recommendation today. Desiccation of intestinal tract results postoperative adhesions, furthermore damage of serosa will increase permeability of intestine wall and can result perforation. All the surgical recommendations suggest keeping intestine moist, whereas there are only a few real studies in surgical literature to support or to deny this theory. Our study reviews the pathophysiological and surgical respects of this situation and summarizes the results of latest researches of combined functions of peritoneum.