Microalgae have received much interest as a biofuel feedstock. However, the economic feasibility of biofuel production from microalgae does not satisfy capital investors. Apart from the biofuels, it is necessary to produce high-value co-products from microalgae fraction to satisfy the economic aspects of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is considered as an alternative for the conventional wastewater treatment in terms of energy consumption, which is suitable for microalgae biorefinery approaches. The energy consumption of a microalgae wastewater treatment system (0.2 kW/h/m³) was reduced 10 times when compared to the conventional wastewater treatment system (to 2 kW/h/m³). Microalgae are rich in various biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants; all these valuable products can be utilized by nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. There are several bottlenecks associated with microalgae biorefinery. Hence, it is essential to promote the sustainability of microalgal biorefinery with innovative ideas to produce biofuel with high-value products. This review attempted to bring out the trends and promising solutions to realize microalgal production of multiple products at an industrial scale. New perspectives and current challenges are discussed for the development of algal biorefinery concepts.

A variety of cell types and chemical systems are known to interact throughout the complex process of wound healing. In addition to being very uncomfortable for patients, wounds that do not heal properly or become chronic can place a heavy burden on society. The creation of novel treatment approaches can expedite the healing process, reduce the societal burden, and improve patient outcomes. Due to advancements in the field of biomedical science, microalgae have significant potential for use in diabetic wound healing and other wound healing applications. This review delves into the physiological process of wound healing, the use of microalgae in wound healing, and a detailed explanation of the wound healing roles of various microalgal originated bioactive compounds including alginate, pigments, fatty acids, proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids and phenols. The study discusses the efficacy of photosynthetic hydrogels in drugs and oxygen delivery to the wounded area that is crucial for promoting a good healing process, as well as highlights the drawbacks and challenges involved in using microalgae for wound healing. Given the current state of the art in utilizing microalgae for wound care, this review provides new perspectives for further research, along with insightful advice and innovative suggestions for academics engaged in this area.