High-performance modeling of neurophysiological processes is an urgent task that requires new approaches to information processing. In this context, two- and three-junction superconducting quantum interferometers with Josephson weak links based on gold nanowires are fabricated and investigated experimentally. The studied cells are proposed for the implementation of bio-inspired neurons—high-performance, energy-efficient, and compact elements of neuromorphic processor. The operation modes of an advanced artificial neuron capable of generating the burst firing activation patterns are explored theoretically. A comparison with the Izhikevich mathematical model of biological neurons is carried out.

We study operation of a superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) based on a new bilayer material. They can be used for the ultra-sensitive detection of magnetic momentum at temperatures down to milliKelvin range. Typically, thermal origin hysteresis of the symmetric SQUID current-voltage curves limits operating temperatures to $T>0.6Tc$. We used a new bilayer material for SQUID fabrication, namely proximity-coupled superconductor/normal-metal (S/N) bilayers (aluminum 25 nm/platinum 5 nm). Because of the 5 nm Pt-layer, Al/Pt devices show nonhysteretic behavior in a broad temperature range from 20 mK to 0.8 K. Furthermore, the Al/Pt bilayer devices demonstrate an order of magnitude lower critical current compared to the Al devices, which decreases the screening parameter (${\beta }_L$) and improves the modulation depth of the critical current by magnetic flux. Operation at lower temperatures reduces thermal noise and increases the SQUID magnetic field resolution. Moreover, we expect strong decrease of two-level fluctuators on the surface of aluminum due to Pt-layer oxidation protection and hence significant reduction of the 1/f noise. Optimized geometry of Al/Pt symmetric SQUIDs is promising for the detection of single-electron spin flip.

Superconducting Josephson structures play a significant role in quantum‐state engineering. Achieving high‐fidelity quantum state measurements in superconducting Josephson structures requires ultra‐low noise environments and robust signal purification techniques. Here, the advanced low‐noise signal measurement system designed for dilution refrigerators is presented, integrating multi‐stage cryogenic filtering and electromagnetic shielding strategies to suppress noise sources across a broad frequency spectrum. The effectiveness of low‐pass RC filters is demonstrated, silver‐epoxy microwave absorbers, and optimized ground isolation to achieve an unprecedented noise reduction, enabling sub‐nanoampere switching current distribution measurements superior to commerical systems at mK temperatures. The system is optimized for precision studies of superconductor‐insulator‐superconductor, superconductor‐ferromagnet‐superconductor, and superconductor‐normal metal‐superconductor Josephson junctions with low critical currents. This approach establishes a reliable framework for next‐generation quantum electronic experiments, ensuring that observed switching phenomena are governed by intrinsic device physics rather than environmental perturbations.

The transport properties of a nanobridge superconducting quantum interference device made of Al/Pt bilayer have been studied. Measurement and approximation of the voltage‐field dependencies allow to estimate the inductance of the structure. It is found that this value significantly exceeds the expected geometric inductance and exhibits an atypical temperature dependence. To explain this effect, a microscopic model of electron transport in SN bilayers is developed, considering the proximity effect, and the available regimes of the current distribution are described. The measured properties may be indicative of the formation of high‐resistance aluminum with high values of kinetic inductance during the fabrication of Al/Pt bilayers.

The superconducting properties of hierarchical nanostructured samples of Pb–In alloys have been studied by the measurement of dynamic susceptibility $\chi \left(T\right)$ temperature dependence. Symmetric samples with different shapes and sizes were formed on a brass metallic net by cathode-metal electrodeposition with a programmed pulsing current. Two different kinds of $\chi \left(T\right)$ dependence were observed in synthesized structures. The first kind was a broad superconductive transition without energy dissipation with a very weak response to the external magnetic field. The second kind was, conversely, an abrupt transition signifying an energy dissipation with a significant field response. This behavior depends on the ratio between a superconducting domain size (defined by the London penetration depth $\lambda$) and a crystallite size. In these cases, one or several superconducting domains are present in a sample. This result paves the way to controlling a superconducting domain size in materials with the parameters of a pulsed current.

Topological insulator nanostructures became an essential platform for studying novel fundamental effects emerging at the nanoscale. However, conventional nanopatterning techniques, based on electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching of films, have inherent limitations of edge precision, resolution, and modification of surface properties, all of which are critical factors for topological insulator materials. In this study, an alternative approach for the fabrication of ultrathin Bi₂Se₃ nanoribbons is introduced by utilizing a diamond tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) to cut atomically thin exfoliated films. This study includes an investigation of the magnetotransport properties of ultrathin Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator nanoribbons with controlled cross‐sections at ultra‐low 14 mK) temperatures. Current‐dependent magnetoresistance oscillations are observed with the weak antilocalization effect, confirming the coherent propagation of 2D electrons around the nanoribbon surface's perimeter and the robustness of topologically protected surface states. In contrast to conventional lithography methods, this approach does not require a highly controlled clean room environment and can be executed under ambient conditions. Importantly, this method facilitates the precise patterning and can be applied to a wide range of 2D materials.