Most recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding the correlation concerning knowledge management and competitiveness more so in the area of tourism. Hence, this paper looks to provide a synthesis on theoretical nexus of knowledge management and tourism business enterprise competitiveness by giving an integrated overview of four micro economic related theories that influence competitiveness and knowledge management. These theories were examined to exhibit the extent of their applicability to tourism businesses as a way to alleviate challenges posed by susceptibility, complexity, ambiguity, uncertainty, and volatility brought about by market liberalization and globalization. Moreover, theories are, considered a set of systematic hunches, which have multiple parts, which play a role in the overall idea of what exactly a theory is proposing. During the review of literature various theories assert to explain knowledge management and competitiveness individually, but on some occasions in relation either to organizational learning or organizational (quality) culture. Thus, the need to supply an integrated overview of the theoretical nexus between these concepts by exploring the theoretical frameworks and related facets. Of the micro-economic theories: the institutional theory, the knowledge-based theory, the resource-based theory, and the (dynamic) capabilities theory were used to guide and try to explain the relationship of aforementioned facets. The knowledge-based theory posits that an organization’s competitive gain stems from the distinctive knowledge assets along with its ability to effectively utilize and share these assets within the organization. The resource-based theory, conversely, emphasizes the role of physical and intangible resources in determining an organization’s competitiveness. The (dynamic) capabilities theory underscores the importance of an enterprise’s ability to continuously learn, adapt, as well as innovate to sustain a competitiveness. Finally, institutional theory highlights the role of external factors, such as business standards, industrial policies and procedures such as quality approaches, in shaping an organization’s competitiveness. Overall, with the comprehensive perception of the given theories the paper attempts to feature the correlation between knowledge management and competitiveness within the tourism industry. Highlighting ways in which these theories can be integrated to supply a more holistic understanding of this relationship especially in the study areas of tourism managerial micro-economics, tourism competitiveness and organizational knowledge management aimed at impending application in particular to enhance the sustainability tourism business enterprises.

This paper examines the effects of agritourism development on local communities in Kericho County, Kenya. Descriptive research design was used targeting agritourism stakeholders in Kericho with a sample size of 40 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data, with the findings indicating that the association between agritourism development and socio-cultural, environmental, and economic impacts was strong and positive. The study also revealed that agritourism had enhanced the local community's dignity and value, leading to new social recognition as a leading tea zone nationally and internationally. The study concludes that notable negative social impact is acquiring new destructive lifestyles such as drug abuse and sexual assaults as agritourists introduce new behaviors, tastes, and preferences. Environmentally, agritourism has aggravated human-wildlife conflicts by constructing tourist infrastructural facilities in the neighboring forest environment. Economically, agritourism has led to the reduction of poverty levels through the creation of employment. The study implies that local stakeholders ought to increase participation through education campaigns to minimize the tribulations associated with agritourism. These findings are invaluable to agritourism stakeholders in developing agritourism policy for Kericho County by incorporating a holistic approach that ensures sustainable agritourism growth.

The study examines the Summer Olympics from the point of view of sports policing and tourism safety. Held every four years, the Summer Olympics are the world’s biggest sporting events, posing a significant challenge for tourism and law enforcement professionals. Billions of people watch the Olympic events on television, and hundreds of thousands of people are simultaneously present at the venues. Ensuring the safety of tourists and athletes on-site is the host country’s responsibility. In many cases, the target of terrorists is the tourism sector, which in some countries, accounts for a significant share of annual revenue. An attack could therefore have significant economic and social consequences. This study uses crime statistics and economic data to analyze and comment on each Olympic venue. The data comes from international databases, police, and embassy sources. The study seeks to answer the question of whether it is possible to host a safe Olympic event and whether there is a link between the money spent on Olympic security and safety.

Cél: A tanulmány a sportrendészet és a turizmusbiztonság szemszögéből vizsgálja a nyári olimpiai játékokat. Az olimpia történéseit több milliárd ember követi, a helyszínen pedig egyidejűleg több százezer ember van jelen. A nyári olimpia négyévente a világ legnagyobb eseménye, amely komoly kihívás elé állítja a turisztikai és a rendészeti szakembereket egyaránt. A helyszínen lévő turisták és sportolók biztonságának szavatolása azonban a rendező ország felelőssége, amely a legnehezebb feladatok egyike, különösen a valószínűsíthetetlen kriminális magatartások elhárítása. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy lehetséges-e biztonságos olimpiát rendezni, illetve van-e összefüggés az olimpiára fordított biztonsági kiadások és a tényleges biztonság között. Módszertan: A tanulmány kriminálstatisztikai és gazdasági adatok segítségével elemzi az egyes olimpiai helyszíneket, s fogalmaz meg észrevételeket. Az adatok nemzetközi adatbázisokból, rendőrségi és nagykövetségi forrásokból származnak. Megállapítások: A terroristák célpontja sok esetben a turisztikai szektor, amely egyes országoknál az éves bevétel jelentős részét adja, vagyis egy, a turisztikai szektor ellen intézett komplex támadás jelentős gazdasági és társadalmi következményekkel is járhat. Érték: A szerzők álláspontja szerint a kutatás újszerű abban a tekintetben, hogy az olimpiák biztonságát a turizmusbiztonság szemszögéből vizsgálta. A tanulmány kriminálstatisztikai és gazdasági adatok segítségével elemezte az egyes olimpiai helyszíneket, és fogalmazott meg észrevételeket.

As a survey by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (2019) confirms coffee is consumed in 83% of Hungarian households, thus our country can be considered to be one of the major coffee drinking nations. At the end of the 19th century and the turn of the twentieth Budapest with its internationally famous and unique coffee culture was known as the coffeehouse capital. Post-modern tourism revived this tradition and coffee became once again a favourite consumer item while cafés turned into scenes of community life. The latest stage of the coffeehouse renaissance was partly due to the increasing role of American type café chains including McCafé, Starbucks, California Coffee Company etc. and the drop in the price of the Arabica coffee. Our research focuses on the impact of this new type of coffee consumption wave on the coffee habits of Hungarians. The American café chains have become widespread in Europe and their ability to keep the price of coffee low worldwide demonstrates significant market power. While coffee consumption has several benefits from a physiological point of view, its environmental impact is detrimental to the planet. Coffee cultivation contributes to the destruction of rainforests, the changing of the soil and last but not least results in a high amount of solid waste due to the popularity of coffee capsules. Our treatise explores these concerns as well.