The wonderful chemical structures and characteristics of low-dimensional carbon materials have exciting applications in life sciences. In the present study, we developed a facile strategy to conjugate C₆₀ with graphene via host–guest chemistry for targeted phototherapy. A versatile carrier based on folic acid-functionalized graphene (GO-FA) and comprising γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) at its surface was assembled via π–π interaction, creating hybrid structures with drug storage and tumor targeting properties. This γ-CD-modified graphene (GO-FA/Py-γ-CD) is capable of hosting pristine C₆₀ molecules for the fabrication of a GO-FA/Py-γ-CD/C₆₀ nanohybrid. The hybridization of GO-FA, γ-CD, and C₆₀ hinders the aggregation of C₆₀, promotes cellular uptake, enhances light absorption, and finally demonstrates enhanced phototherapy effects of GO-FA/Py-γ-CD/C₆₀. Under Xe lamp irradiation (2 W cm⁻²) for 4 min, GO-FA/Py-γ-CD/C₆₀ simultaneously causes heating and intracellular ROS production, which further significantly reduces the cell viability to 16.2% at low content of loading (30 μg mL⁻¹). Moreover, it represents an excellent tumor killing efficiency, better than that of the other reported graphene/C₆₀ nanohybrids; thus, this material is suitable for applications in phototherapy of cancer.

The rare earth complexes and the polymers can be made into composite nanofibers through electrospinning. The fluorescence intensity of these fiber composites is much higher than that of the rare earth complexes. By changing the mixed proportion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and complexes, nanofiber materials were prepared. Then, by measuring their fluorescence intensity, it is found that the carbonyl bond of PMMA may have coordinated with the rare earth ions and enhanced the luminescence intensity of them. Then, a series of experiments were designed to study their coordination and luminescence mechanism. The coordination mechanism of the polymers with carbonyl groups and the rare earth complexes was explained by Eu(TFT)₃(TPPO), Eu(TFT)₃(TPPO)₂, Eu(PFP)₃(TPPO), Eu(PFP)₃(TPPO)₂, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) dissolved in chloroform solution, where TFT means 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1-tetralone, PFP means 2-(2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropro-panoyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one and TPPO means phosphine oxide. The coordination of PVP and the rare earth complexes in solution was studied, and it was found that the fluorine atoms of the ligand had a significant impact on the aggregation-induced effect of the composites. The electron transitioned in the polymers and the complexes were enhanced greatly by the coordination. The colors of emission light could be adjusted by the coordination of the polymers and the rare earth complexes.

A highly soluble fluorene–triphenylamine conjugated alternating copolymer (PF–TPA) was designed and synthesized under Suzuki coupling reaction conditions in this work. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR). The copolymer showed excellent thermal stability, and an onset decomposition temperature up to 443 °C. The optical and electrochemical properties of PF–TPA were investigated by using ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transient photocurrent responses and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The main absorption peak of PF–TPA appeared at λ_max = 382 nm in the thin film and exhibits strong photoluminescence with maximum emission peaks centered at 464 nm in chloroform. The simulation results of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and energy band gap are −5.04, −2.22 and 2.82 eV, respectively. A non-volatile rewritable flash memory device based on the active layer of PF–TPA was fabricated with the sandwich structure ITO/PF–TPA (102 nm)/Al. The memory device exhibits good electrical bistable resistive switching behavior, with low threshold voltage (V_SET ∼ −1.2 V and V_RESET ∼ 3.2 V), high ON/OFF current ratio in excess of 10³, high stability in retention time up to 10⁴ s and a number of read cycles up to 300 under a read voltage of 2 V in both ON and OFF states. The conductivity mechanism of the ITO/PF–TPA/Al device is discussed. The as-fabricated device exhibited good data retention characteristics, stability and reliability.

The resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and PVP:PVP:zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) active layers have bistable electrical switching behavior. Herein, via a series of storage performance tests, it was proved that the ITO/PVP:ZnO/Al device has a higher ON/OFF current ratio and better memory performance than the ITO/PVP/Al device. Moreover, at 13 wt% concentration of ZnO NPs, optimal storage performance was obtained, the switch state current ratio significantly increased, and the threshold voltage obviously decreased. The conduction mechanism of the devices was further discussed. The device having inorganic nanoparticles embedded in the polymer has excellent storage performance, which has potential application value in data storage.