In the last few decades, biomimetic concepts have been widely adopted in various biomedical fields, including clinical dentistry. Endodontics is an important sub-branch of dentistry which deals with the different conditions of pulp to prevent tooth loss. Traditionally, common procedures, namely pulp capping, root canal treatment, apexification, and apexigonesis, have been considered for the treatment of different pulp conditions using selected materials. However, clinically to regenerate dental pulp, tissue engineering has been advocated as a feasible approach. Currently, new trends are emerging in terms of regenerative endodontics which have led to the replacement of diseased and non-vital teeth into the functional and healthy dentine-pulp complex. Root- canal therapy is the standard management option when dental pulp is damaged irreversibly. This treatment modality involves soft-tissue removal and then filling that gap through the obturation technique with a synthetic material. The formation of tubular dentine and pulp-like tissue formation occurs when stem cells are transplanted into the root canal with an appropriate scaffold material. To sum up tissue engineering approach includes three components: (1) scaffold, (2) differentiation, growth, and factors, and (3) the recruitment of stem cells within the pulp or from the periapical region. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly review and discuss various pulp-regenerative approaches and materials used in regenerative endodontics which may highlight the current trends and future research prospects in this particular area.

Caries is a common dental problem brought on by factors like excessive sugar consumption, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of microorganisms in the mouth. This dental pathology is treated with a variety of filling materials, including tooth-colored direct resin dental composite (RDC), glass ionomer cement (GIC), and dental amalgam (also known as silver filling). RDC is the most preferred filling material in dental clinics due to its excellent esthetics and minimal tooth preparation, making it the need of the modern era. However, antimicrobial agents were added to this material in order to enhance its ability to prevent secondary caries. The antibacterial activity of RDC has been tested using a variety of methods, but testing protocols have been found to vary. Thusly, the point of this article is to examine the disparity in the strategy involved by specialists for testing the antibacterial properties of RDCs.