A novel semisolid continuous Micro Fused-Casting additive manufacturing technology for producing a ZL101 alloy strip was developed, Micro Fused-Casting means that the semisolid metal slurry was pressed out from the outlet of bottom of crucible to the movable plate. The degree of sub-cooling was easily provided by movement of substrate in the micro fused-casting area. Under the aid of 3D manufacturing software, the ZL101 alloy strip was solidified and formed layer by layer. The microstructure and properties of ZL101 semisolid slurry were improved by the cooling conditions. The results showed that the ZL101 alloy strip samples fabricated by Micro Fused-Casting had uniform structures and good performances with the substrate movement speed at 20 mm/s and the temperature at 590 °C, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the ZL101 alloy strip reached 242.59 MPa and 7.71%, while the average Vickers hardness was 82.55 HV.

This study comparatively evaluated how solvent polarity affects the chemical antioxidant capacity, preliminary hyaluronidase inhibition, and supportive chemical features of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. Six extracts prepared with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water, 60% ethanol, and 95% ethanol were assessed using DPPH·, ABTS⁺·, ferric reducing power, and hyaluronidase inhibition assays, together with total flavonoid and linarin determinations. The 60% ethanol extract showed the strongest overall radical-scavenging activity, reaching 95% DPPH· scavenging and 95% ABTS⁺· scavenging at 2 mg/mL, whereas the 95% ethanol extract showed the highest ferric reducing power under the tested conditions. Total flavonoid and linarin contents were highest in the ethanol-rich fractions, especially the 95% ethanol and 60% ethanol extracts. In the hyaluronidase assay, both the petroleum ether and 60% ethanol extracts showed relatively strong inhibition at 2.5 mg/mL, with inhibition rates of 74% and 68%, respectively, suggesting that different chemical classes may contribute to this endpoint. Supportive ¹H NMR and UPLC–QTOF–MS data indicated clear polarity-dependent compositional differences; the 60% ethanol extract was enriched in phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides, whereas the petroleum ether extract showed predominantly lipophilic features. Overall, medium-polarity phenolic-rich fractions were more closely associated with chemical antioxidant capacity, while hyaluronidase inhibition may involve contributions from both non-polar and medium-polarity constituents. The present extract-level comparison provides a useful basis for fraction selection, extract standardization, and follow-up activity-guided studies.

As a pivotal chiral precursor for the synthesis of the antituberculosis drug ethambutol and antiepileptic drugs such as levetiracetam, Chiral (S)-2-aminobutanol requires high optical purity for clinical safety. This review systematically summarizes the evolution and recent advances in its synthetic routes. Traditional chemical methods, including the 1-nitropropane and 1-butene epoxidation routes, suffer from severe safety hazards and heavily rely on downstream chiral resolution. However, both chemical crystallization and enzymatic kinetic resolution are constrained by a 50% theoretical yield ceiling and incur heavy environmental burdens. To break this bottleneck, in vitro multienzyme cascades utilizing amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) and ω-transaminases (ω-TAs) have emerged, achieving 100% theoretical yield from prochiral precursors and >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) driven by a distinct dual-pocket active site model. Furthermore, synthetic biology has enabled de novo biosynthesis via whole-cell cell factories. It should be noted that the recently reported 45.3 g·L⁻¹ titer refers to the upstream amino acid precursor L-2-aminobutyric acid (L-2-ABA), not to the final (S)-2-aminobutanol product. To overcome bottlenecks like the intracellular toxicity of the intermediate 2-ketobutyrate (2-OBA), strategies including efflux pump engineering (e.g., rhtA) and quorum sensing-based dynamic regulation have successfully boosted the fermentation titer to 45.3 g·L⁻¹. Finally, the industrialization potential of these generations of technologies is evaluated, highlighting that the transition toward in vitro continuous-flow microreactors and a hybrid whole-cell + cell-free architecture, combined with the integration of AI into whole-cell factories, represents a future trend for green and low-carbon manufacturing.

This work was designed as a comparative extract-level study to clarify how solvent polarity influences antioxidant activity, preliminary hyaluronidase inhibition, and supportive chemical features in Buddleja officinalis Maxim.. Six extracts prepared with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water, 60% ethanol, and 95% ethanol were independently prepared in triplicate and evaluated for DPPH· radical scavenging, ABTS⁺· radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity, together with total flavonoid and linarin contents. The 60% ethanol extract showed the strongest overall radical-scavenging activity, reaching 95% DPPH· scavenging and 95% ABTS+· scavenging at 2 mg/mL, whereas the 95% ethanol extract showed the highest ferric reducing power under the tested conditions. Total flavonoid and linarin contents were highest in the ethanol-rich fractions, especially the 95% ethanol and 60% ethanol extracts. In the hyaluronidase assay, the petroleum ether and 60% ethanol extracts showed relatively strong inhibition at 2.5 mg/mL, with inhibition rates of 74% and 68%, respectively. Supportive ¹H NMR and UPLC–QTOF–MS data, including representative chromatographic profiles and representative compound assignments for the 60% ethanol extract, indicated clear polarity-dependent differences in extract composition; the 60% ethanol fraction was enriched in phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides, whereas the petroleum ether fraction was characterized mainly by lipophilic constituents. Overall, the results support a comparative and exploratory interpretation in which medium-polarity phenolic-rich fractions are associated with stronger antioxidant effects, while non-polar fractions may contribute more strongly to hyaluronidase inhibition. Because the present work was based on in vitro assays and preliminary enzyme screening, further studies with positive inhibitor controls, potency evaluation, and activity-guided isolation are still required.