Parameter estimation of the nonlinear Muskingum model is a highly nonlinear optimization problem. Although various techniques have been applied to estimate the parameter of the nonlinear Muskingum flood routing model, an efficient method for parameter estimation in the calibration process is still lacking. In this paper, a novel approach of parameter estimation for the nonlinear Muskingum model based on the immune clonal selection algorithm (ICSA) is proposed. ICSA is a new intelligent algorithm, which can effectively overcome the prematurity and slow convergence speed of the traditional evolution algorithm. The ICSA method does not demand any initial estimate of values of any of the parameters. It determines the best parameter values in terms of the sum of square residual between the observed and routed outflows. The performance of this method was compared with other reported parameter estimation approaches. The results indicate that the ICSA method had higher precision than the other techniques and thus...

Ecological flow is an important basis for maintaining the structure and function of river ecosystems, and ensuring the sustainable development of economies and societies in river basins. In order to solve the problems of unclear concepts of ecological flow, difficulty in adapting to dynamic changes in demands, and the hydrological conditions and poor operability of calculated results of a practical application, a variable interval analysis method (VIAM) was proposed to calculate the ecological flow. The method comprehensively considered a variety of variable factors, such as spatial–temporal scale changes, hydrological condition changes, ecological service object changes, and calculation method changes. On the basis of a relatively fixed ecological base flow, a variable lifting amount was added to determine the ecological flow, and the ecological flow was a variable interval. Taking the Wei River as an example, the VIAM was validated and applied. With the support of a knowledge visualization integrated platform, the ecological flow simulation system of the Wei River was constructed. The results show that: (1) the VIAM makes the ecological flow calculation more scientific and reasonable, and the ecological flow of the Wei River from the upper reaches to the lower reaches increases gradually under the influence of water inflow, sewage discharge, and erosion and deposition of sediment, and the annual total water demand of the upper limit of ecological flow in a dry year is 1.04 billion m³, 1.63 billion m³, 2.29 billion m³, 4.09 billion m³, and 4.66 billion m³; (2) the variable interval is used to describe the ecological flow, which has strong applicability and operability; (3) the simulation system can quickly adapt to the demand changes in practical application, and provide visual decision support for managers. The VIAM provides new ideas and references for comprehensively promoting the control of the ecological flow.

The objectives of flood control, power generation, water supply and ecology for reservoir operation are neither completely coordinated nor completely opposed, and its optimal operation and decision-making is very complicated. This study proposed a method of multi-objective optimization and multi-attribute decision making for reservoir operation (MODRO). The correlation analysis method was used to analyze the competitive relationship among the extracted objectives, and the multi-objective optimal operation model was constructed. The NSGA-II-SEABODE algorithm was applied to solve the MODRO problem. The objective extraction, model construction, optimization solution and scheme selection were coupled to form a multi-objective optimization and multi-attribute decision making method with the whole process of “Objective-Modeling-Optimization-Selection”. Huangjinxia Reservoir, which is located in Shaanxi, China, was selected as the case study. The results show that: (1) Quantifying the degree of conflict among objectives makes the construction of the multi-objective optimal operation model more reasonable. (2) The NSGA-II-SEABODE algorithm are used to obtain the decision-making scheme, which provides decision-making basis for managers. (3) For Huangjinxia Reservoir, water diversion is negatively related to power generation and ecology, and power generation is positively related to ecology. The results can promote the efficient utilization of water resources, improve the comprehensive benefits of reservoirs, and provide decision-making support for actual reservoir operation.

Water pollution is an important aspect of a national water treatment. Sudden water safety incidents are random and destructive, often bringing about huge losses of life and property. Due to the uncertainty of sudden water pollution, it is difficult to respond in a timely and rapid manner. Emergency personnel must deal with emergencies quickly and effectively to reduce the harm caused by these emergencies. The randomness and uncertainty of sudden water pollution events make emergency work more complicated; it is difficult for current emergency plans to play guiding roles in complex responses. The decision-making and use of traditional water safety procedures largely depend on the experiences of command personnel, as well as on the emergency plan, which often has poor applicability. This can result in ineffective implementation of emergency actions and use of resources stemming from the high subjectivity and low efficiency of emergency plans. In this paper, we summarize previous research on digital planning and platform component technology exploration in order to evaluate the use of sudden water safety emergency procedures. We first analyze the main problems in the construction and use of emergency plans (e.g., the lack of experience and adaptability). Secondly, based on the decision-making support platform, a digital emergency plan database for water pollution emergencies was established by using component technology and knowledge map technology. In doing so, the decision support platform could enable the rapid construction of digital plans that improve application efficiency in an actual response scenario. Finally, through the system example, this system model can be quickly matched from the plan database to the emergency plan that meets the current scenario. It is a recommended model used to provide rapid and effective assistance for emergency management and improve emergency efficiency.