Between the 15th and the 20th centuries, Tosora was a small city in the Wajo Kingdom. During its development, Tosora became the centre of global trade of the Bugis civilisation and produced several artefacts of potential cultural heritage value which were damaged during the war with the Dutch in the 20th century. These artefacts, which include Islamic architecture, urban infrastructure, and graves of important personages of the Wayo Kingdom, risk disappearing if they are not properly managed. This study aims to map both the physical and non-physical historical products of Tosora for their spatial realisation to aid the effort to promote tourism. We mapped the physical development of the area, especially elements of its cultural heritage and activities, to reveal historical facts about the Wajo Kingdom. We used a qualitative approach based on several methods, from GIS-based spatial analysis for connecting activities to synchronic and diachronic reading techniques for analysing elements of urban morphology to study Tosora’s development. The study found that the spatial evolution of urban Tosora was related to its historical process since the 15th century and was based on non-physical forces that influenced the physical urban form of the city. The shift of the government centre from Wajo-Wajo to Tosora in the 17th century and later to Sengkang in the 20th century was dominated by social, economic, political and cultural factors. The Wajo Kingdom’s end is reflected in the decline in Tosora’s functions and roles.

Recently, both the Makassar city government and its residents have encountered difficulties in anticipating and managing street vendors, due largely to unclear policies regarding location regulation. Meanwhile, the proliferation of street vendors has led to the occupation of unplanned trading areas, resulting in increased traffic congestion and a decline in the quality of the urban environment. The presence of street vendors should ideally contribute to the city's mosaic, shaping the city’s image and serving the community's needs, including tourists. This article attempts to address the pressing issues surrounding the creation of a productive and liveable city. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for suitably locating street vendors in Makassar. This article identifies various supportive and inhibiting parameters and subsequently develops them into rules for spatial analysis. These parameters were gathered through interviews with traders, community members, and government officials, and the data was structured using expert choice techniques. Each weighted parameter was used to assess the grid-based land surface using the ArcGIS program. The article proposes a model for suitably locating street vendors, which can be applied to cities similar to Makassar. As a result of spatial data input to the model, potential locations in three districts were identified, falling into three categories. In general, Category 1 comprises 114 grids of the high suitability potential locations that nearly meet all the principles of suitable street vendor workplaces, among 1164 grid locations. Category 2 represents suitable potential locations, and Category 3 denotes low suitability potential locations.

Hasanuddin University Lake in Indonesia is a water tourism destination that offers natural beauty and comfort. In addition, the lake functions as an important scientific development park for the university. Even though its location is on campus, the surroundings of the campus are residential areas and various life activities. Recently, weed growth has occurred, which could be an indication of contamination and may hinder its useful function. Therefore, this study investigates the physicochemical quality of water, the pollution index, and its monitoring, attempting to make the campus lake continue to function sustainably. The research was carried out at the peak of the dry and rainy seasons, with laboratory examinations based on standard methods for quality parameters that follow lake use function standards. The results showed that most of the water quality parameters measured needed to meet the required quality standards. Based on the scoring results using the water pollution index method, lake water is classified as lightly to moderately polluted, which requires protection. The monitoring method is prepared with the addition of a biological indicator system. In line with that, intensification of the diversity of greenery around the lake and environmental management in an integrated manner with the surrounding settlement. The conclusion is that there is a need for complementary monitoring between physicochemical and biological methods and management coordination with the surrounding territories.

Berbagai kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan penyimpangan pelaksanaan penataan ruang secara berkelajutan di berbagai daerah termasuk di Kota Makassar adalah akibat dari kelalaian dalam perencanaan, pemanfaatan ruang, dan pengendalian pemanfatan ruang sesuai prinsip penataan ruang. Khusus pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang merupakan tugas strategis pemerintah dalam mewujudkan harapan penataan ruang, namun dalam penerapan di lapangan masih terdapat masalah seperti penyimpangan pemanfaatan ruang dan rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat. Dugaan awal dasar permasalahan tersebut khususnya di Kecamatan Biringkanaya adalah masih kurangnya pemahaman aparat untuk melakukan tugas pembinaan kepada masyarakat dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang sesuai regulasi, yang berimplikasi pada tata ruang kota yang layak huni, produktif, dan ekologis. Permasalahan ini dapat diatasi sesuai target kegiatan ini melalui peningkatan pengetahuan aparat terkait permasalahan tersebut. Karena itu kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan wawasan (capacity Building) aparat pemerintah mengenai substansi permasalahan pemanfaatan ruang. Metode yang digunakan sesuai target dan tujuan kegiatan ini adalah melakukan penyuluhan terhadap aparat pemerintah khususnya di tingkat kecamatan Biringkananya dengan agenda penyajian: 1) materi regulasi menyangkut pembinaan kepada masyarakat agar dapat berperan aktif dalam penataan ruang, 2) materi tentang regulasi dan substansi pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang, seperti peraturan zonasi, perizinan, pemberian insentif dan disinsentif, serta pengenaan sanksi, dan 3) materi tentang mekanisme pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang sesuai arahan Permendagri No.115 Tahun 2017. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta mengenai pembinaan penataan ruang kepada masyarakat, serta pemahaman regulasi, substansi, dan mekanisme pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang di wilayahnya. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan pada diskusi tanya jawab pada bagian akhir kegiatan. Dalam diskusi terungkap tentang belum optimalnya menyikapi permasalahan di lapangan akibat keterbatasan pengetahuan aparat tentang pembinaan dan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang. Beberapa regulasi mekanisme pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang termasuk prosedur, belum dikuasai akibat keterbatasan informasi sampai pada aparat di tingkat kelurahan yang sejatinya bersentuhan langsung dengan permasalahan pemanfaatan ruang.

Water is of vital and critical importance to ecosystems and human societies. Because of this, the UN Secretary-General has included the availability of clean water as one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on...

Rapid urban expansion in tropical coastal cities has intensified vegetation moisture stress, compromising urban resilience and ecological stability. This study investigates the spatial drivers of the Moisture Stress Index (MSI) in Makassar City, Indonesia, by integrating biophysical indicators and land-use characteristics through multi-scale regression analyses. Utilizing dry-season satellite composites (May–August 2025), the research derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). MSI was modeled using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) across 240 m, 480 m, and 960 m grids. Results indicate that MSI is highly sensitive to urban morphology and land-use configuration. High moisture stress was concentrated in commercial–industrial and dense residential zones characterized by extreme population densities exceeding 28,000 people/km² and elevated NDBI. In contrast, agricultural zones and open/green spaces provided significant cooling and moisture retention. Comparative performance analysis reveals that the local GWR model significantly outperformed the global OLS model, achieving a substantial reduction in AICc (−10,475.81) and resolving significant spatial autocorrelation to achieve random residuals (z-score = 1.55). The study further confirms that NDBI is the most robust biophysical predictor of MSI. Spatial heterogeneity analysis demonstrated that land-use influences are geographically contingent, with institutional areas showing varied effects based on campus design and canopy presence. These findings emphasize the necessity of scale-aware, climate-adaptive urban planning and demonstrate that GWR provides a high-fidelity tool for identifying neighborhood-level “micro-hotspots” overlooked by global modeling frameworks.