Tattoo is a permanent body modification relevant to women’s bodily experiences. Previous studies on the population of tattooers have focused mainly on searching for negative or positive aspects of tattooing, mainly in the field of self-esteem. The aim of this study was to explore the mental body representations of tattooed women during emerging adulthood. Three hundred and twenty-seven women with tattoos, aged 18 to 25 (M = 21.48; SD = 2.05), participated in the study. In the study, we adopted a quantitative research project; the data for analysis was obtained from questionnaires that were completed online between January and March 2021. Women with tattoos completed a survey containing demographic questions, questions regarding their tattoos, the Battery of Tests of Body Self Representations, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Based on that a cluster analysis, we have discovered three types of mental body representations that may characterize them: (1) unstable, (2) disordered, and (3) integrated. The study showed that having a tattoo is associated with experiencing carnality in a specific way.

Cel pracy: Celem pracy było znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy podczas pandemii COVID-19 poczucie zagrożenia życia oraz lęk jako stan stanowią istotne predyktory zakłóceń psychicznego funkcjonowania Polaków w wieku 18-65 lat?Metoda: W przekrojowym badaniu internetowym wzięło udział 1466 polskich respondentów (1074 kobiet, 73,3%) w wieku 18-65 lat. Wyodrębniono cztery grupy wiekowe (18-25; 26-35; 36-45; 46-65). Wszyscy uczestnicy wypełnili: Kwestionariusz Ogólnej Oceny Funkcjonowania (KOOF, ang. GFQ), Inwentarz Stanu Lęku (ang. STAI-S) oraz Skalę Poczucia Zagrożenia Życia (ang. GSTLS).Wyniki: Najmłodsi respondenci (w wieku 18-25 lat) w porównaniu ze wszystkimi starszymi uczestnikami badania przejawiali istotnie gorsze funkcjonowanie psychiczne, intensywniejszy lęk jako stan i silniejsze poczucie zagrożenia życia. Poczucie zagrożenia życia oraz lęk jako stan były istotnymi predyktorami doświadczania trudności psychicznych podczas epidemii COVID-19, przy czym lęk jako stan okazał się mediatorem relacji między poczuciem zagrożenia życia i trudności w psychicznym funkcjonowaniu.Wnioski: Wyniki badania wskazują, że osoby najmłodsze stanowią grupę ryzyka wystąpienia największych trudności psychicznych. Objawy psychopatologiczne w COVID-19 można w znacznym stopniu przewidzieć na podstawie dwóch rodzajów stanów emocjonalnych: poczucia zagrożenia życia i lęku jako stan.

This paper investigates the impact of state self-objectification on body image and tests the role of self-esteem in this relationship. The study group consisted of 136 adolescents from a junior high school in Poland, aged 14 to 16 years: 65 boys (Mage = 15; SD = 0.79) and 71 girls (Mage = 14.93; SD = 0.82). Both age groups were relatively homogeneous in terms of demography and BMI. The study consisted of three phases. First, the participants completed demographic measures assessing demographic variables, body image, and self-esteem. The second phase was conducted one week later to induce a temporary state of self-objectification by means of a magnifying mirror. The third phase followed a ten-minute experimental exposure by filling in the Self-Objectification State Questionnaire. A mediation analysis was performed separately in both adolescent groups, according to the approach proposed by Hayes and Preacher (2014). Self-esteem mediated significantly the relationship between state self-objectification and body image. In the group of girls the mediation model produced a complete effect, whereas in the group of boys the mediation effect was partial.

The main aim of the study discussed in the present paper was to explore the role of disturbances of bodily experience (of the sense of body ownership) in the regulation of a general emotional state. An attempt was made to verify the hypothesis that the autonomic emotional response (i.e. the objective state of stress) and the subjective sense of stress in schizophrenic subjects would be markedly weakened due to the Rubber Hand Illusion, whereas it was suggested that no such change would appear in the control group consisting of healthy subjects. In the 64 subjects who participated in the study (31 schizophrenic subjects and 33 subjects with no diagnosed mental condition), general emotional state was measured before and after the induction of the Rubber Hand Illusion, with the general emotional state understood as the objective state (electrodermal response) and the subjective state (the sense of stress or relaxation). Experimentally-induced change in the sense of body ownership appeared to be a factor regulating the subjective and the objective emotional states in all subjects, although the type of change differed significantly between the groups. In the schizophrenic group, the induction of the Rubber Hand Illusion substantially reduced the subjective and objective states of stress, whilst in the control group an intensified electrodermal response was observed (objective state of stress), with the subjective emotional state remaining unaltered.

This paper is a theoretical investigation of body identity. It is an attempt to deepen the analysis of body identity in its subjective aspect, which is framed as a constellation of complex identity senses: the sense of being, continuity of body self in time and space, inner consistency, separateness and bodily limits, as well as the senses of body ownership and agency. All the identified motives of body identity are regarded as pertaining to a special scope in the relationship with the body which produces the sense of body self, i.e., the sense of being an embodied subject. Ultimately, body identity is defined as a holistic and a higher order manner of experiencing one's body self which anchors a human being in his/her subjectivity and uniqueness, thus complementing the individual and social aspect of identity.

The study explored the impact of experimentally induced state self-objectification on creative potential in visual domain in mid-adolescence. The experiment was conducted in a group of 140 adolescents at the age of 14–16: 70 boys (M_age = 15.21; SD = .81) and 70 girls (M_age = 14.99; SD = 0.83), randomly allocated to two groups: experimental and control. The state self-objectification was obtained by means of a magnifying mirror, and measured by the State Self-Objectification Questionnaire. In both groups the Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production was administered twice (in A and B versions, randomly selected). Statistical analyses were performed with a mixed model ANOVA (2 drawings x 2 groups x 2 sexes). Results showed that mid-adolescent girls are susceptible to state self-objectification to a greater extent than the boys, and the experimentally induced state self-objectification has an impact on creative potential in the visual domain in the groups of adolescent boys and girls.