Tattoo is a permanent body modification relevant to women’s bodily experiences. Previous studies on the population of tattooers have focused mainly on searching for negative or positive aspects of tattooing, mainly in the field of self-esteem. The aim of this study was to explore the mental body representations of tattooed women during emerging adulthood. Three hundred and twenty-seven women with tattoos, aged 18 to 25 (M = 21.48; SD = 2.05), participated in the study. In the study, we adopted a quantitative research project; the data for analysis was obtained from questionnaires that were completed online between January and March 2021. Women with tattoos completed a survey containing demographic questions, questions regarding their tattoos, the Battery of Tests of Body Self Representations, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Based on that a cluster analysis, we have discovered three types of mental body representations that may characterize them: (1) unstable, (2) disordered, and (3) integrated. The study showed that having a tattoo is associated with experiencing carnality in a specific way.

Introduction and objective: In modern society, mobile devices such as mobile phones are in common use. The development of technology has decreased the age of the first contact with this type of devices. „Digital 2021” report shows that 66% of the population use a phone (not necessarily...

Introduction and objective: In recent years there has been an increase in public interest in the dangers posed by the deteriorating state of our planet. Climate change has caused climate anxiety among the population which also affects their mental state. The study investigates the relationship...

Cel pracy: Głównym celem niniejszych badań było sprawdzenie powiązań psychologicznych funkcji tatuażu z psychologicznymi reprezentacjami ciała i samooceną u kobiet w okresie wschodzącej dorosłości.Metoda: W badaniu wykorzystano następujące metody: 1) Ankietę dotyczącą psychologicznych funkcji tatuażu (Jabłońska, 2021), 2) Baterię Testów Psychologicznych Reprezentacji Ciała BT-BSR (The Battery of Tests of The Body Self Representations BT-BSR; Mirucka, 2018) oraz 3) Skalę Samooceny Rosenberga (SES; polskie tłumaczenie Łaguna i wsp., 2007).Wyniki: W zależności od układu psychologicznych funkcji tatuażu osoby badane różniły się pod względem psychologicznych reprezentacji ciała i samooceny. Kobiety, u których dominującą funkcją tatuażu była ekspresja emocji, charakteryzowały się słabszymi psychicznymi reprezentacjami ciała (obraz ciała, schemat ciała i poczucie ciała), a także niższym poziomem samooceny w porównaniu z kobietami, u których dominującą funkcją tatuaży była autokreacja.Wnioski: Niniejsze badanie pokazuje, że wśród kobiet z tatuażami istnieją znaczące różnice w sposobie doświadczania ciała wyrażonym w mentalnych reprezentacjach ciała. Wzorzec mentalnych funkcji tatuaży, w którym ekspresja emocji dominuje nad autokreacją, pozostaje istotnie związany ze słabszym obrazem ciała, schematem ciała i poczuciem ciała, a także z niższym poziomem samooceny.

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders. Up to one-third of the population suffers from them during their lifetime. An important problem is also the lack of awareness of patients about their disease. Only half of the anxiety disorders are diagnosed. Only a fifth of people suffering from anxiety disorders sought help from a specialist doctor. Only a third of patients are offered pharmacological treatment. The main symptom of this disease is an increased and intense feeling of anxiety. It is also associated with many other physical symptoms. It is correlative with a reduced quality of life and functioning in society. Diagnosis of anxiety disorders is very difficult due to the lack of specific imaging and laboratory tests that may be helpful in making or suggest a diagnosis. There is also a correlation between these disorders and the occurrence of depressive disorders, which is why the problem is complex and requires increased diagnostic sensitivity. Worldwide, anxiety disorders are underdiagnosed and undertreated, that's why it's so important to be aware of this disease entity. Prompt intervention by a physician is very important due to the increased frequency of suicides. The basic treatment is medication therapy with drugs from the SSRI and SNRI group combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Quick diagnosis and implementation of treatment contributes to a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients.

Introduction and purpose: Eugenol is a well-known phenolic chemical substance that can be found in clove oil. Due to its multi-potential properties, it arouse more and more interest from scientists. The possibility of using it as a therapeutic substance in many diseases is being sought. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest information on eugenol, explanation its mechanisms of action and to demonstrate the expanding therapeutic potential. Materials and methods: The literature available on PubMed, Google Scholar was reviewed using the words: “eugenol”; “antibacterial”; “antifungal” ;“antiinflammatory” Description of the state of knowledge: Eugenol demonstrates many pharmacological properties, of which the most essential is the ability to inhibit the growth and eradication of many human pathogens. Its wide spectrum of action covers Gram-negative bacteria as well as some Gram-positive bacteria. Eugenol also represents fungicidal properties, and the mechanism of its action is seen in its ability to deform and disrupt the cell membrane of pathogens. After eugenol penetrates through the cell membrane excessive amounts ROS are formed and next fatty acids that build the cell membrane are modified, which ultimately leads to the lysis of the pathogen cell. Research on eugenol also proves its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties by blocking cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. The effectiveness of eugenol is comparable to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Summary: Based on the promising results of recent research on the properties of eugenol, it can be expected that in the future it will be used in the production of new therapeutic agents. However, it seems reasonable to conduct more large clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of eugenol before it is introduced as a therapeutic agent.