Shaping safe and hygienic working conditions is the basic obligation of the employer. Employers are still looking for methods, tools, and solutions to improve work safety. The study reviews the literature on solutions aimed at improving occupational safety in construction. For this purpose, bibliometric analysis was used, consisting of the exploration and analysis of scientific studies in the field of occupational health and safety, including the possibility of using the LM tool to improve working conditions on construction sites. The study presents the possibility of implementing Lean Manufacturing (LM) tools in the construction industry. Their strengths and weaknesses were identified, and the benefits and possible barriers related to their effective implementation/use were identified. The result of the analyses was a summary of benefits for the construction industry (strengths and opportunities) as well as areas requiring improvement (weaknesses and hazards) regarding the LM tools used. Based on the conducted analyses, it was found that it is possible to use the tools of the LM concept to improve work safety and organize tasks performed on construction sites. The implementation of LM tools, such as 5S/6S, Poka-Yoke, and Standardization, enables risk reduction through a direct impact on the area being analyzed, in which occupational hazards have been identified. It is also noted that there is a need to simultaneously use LM tools (VM, Gemba-Walk, DHM) as solutions aimed at reducing risk.

Workers play a superior role in the production process because they are responsible for its proper functioning (e.g. process efficiency, quality, technical condition of usage machines), and are also responsible for safety at work. The issue of work safety should be a crucial factor in the process of introducing changes in the company. The introduced changes should take into account safe working conditions and reduce the number of potential accidents, therefore employers should implement solutions aimed at improving work safety. One of the tools that can affect work safety is visual management (VM). The use of various forms of VM enables immediate response to emerging problems, which may translate into an increase in employees' awareness of health and safety issues. The article presents the possibilities of using of visual management tools in manufacturing companies in terms of improving work safety. The proposed solutions can be used by enterprises that register accidents at work and take actions to increase employees' awareness of occupational safety and health (OSH).

The ongoing processes in production enterprises must be constantly monitored and improved in order to meet the requirements of growing competition in the technical, technological and organizational aspects. Also, customer expectations regarding the quality of products are constantly increasing, while maintaining the lowest manufacturing costs. The analysis of the course of operations, exploited resources, materials, recharges, as well as the identification of risk and losses are the basis for improvement and optimization, leading to increase in process efficiency, as well as optimisation of organization and working conditions. There are many management methods and tools used to streamline processes. Currently, Lean Management (LM) is one of the most popular and effective concepts in this field. The primary goal of LM is to eliminate activities that do not bring added value in processes, while saving resources and meeting customer requirements. The Lean concept offers many useful methods and tools that, when properly selected in the organization, implemented and used, can bring the intended results. The aim of the article is to present the results of the analysis of potentially accidental events in a production enterprise based on the identification of key threats occurring in the plant. Based on Lean Management methods and tools implemented in the company, their impact on work safety was determined.

The goal of the fluidity test is to evaluate the ability of the melt to fill the cavity of the mold, which is one of the factors affecting the final quality of the castings. It is a technological test that is basically not standardized, therefore it is realized in different forms, for example using “horizontal” and “vertical” molds. The “horizontal” mold makes it easier to fulfill the condition of repeatability, therefore it was used to calculate the capability of the test by the Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA) method. The results of the tests in both molds were used to calculate regression equations that allow the fluidity to be determined with strong reliability based on variables such as melt temperature, casting speed, and mold temperature. In addition, the effects of input data variability (uncertainty) on the resulting fluidity value were analyzed using regression equations and the Monte Carlo simulation. The contribution of the article is the analysis of the capability of the measurement process of the fluidity and a prediction of the results of its tests using the Monte Carlo simulation method.

The issue of ensuring work safety during the use of machines plays a key role due to the recorded accident events, the source of which are the machines in use. In the scope of reducing the risk associated with machines, particular attention should be paid to the threats, as well as solutions allowing to limit their negative impact on the operator. The study presents the possibility of using visual management (VM) as a form of information transfer that allows to meet the requirements set out in legal regulations, as well as reduce the risk of accidents. The machines in question were assessed for the possibility of using various forms of visual management to reduce the risk of accidents. The investigations were also supplemented with an analysis of accident statistics to present the importance of using visual management in improving the safety of machine operators' work. The conducted analyzes allowed to determine the direction of activities in the use of various forms of visual management aimed at improving the safety of machine operators.

The iron and steel industry is one of the most energy- and emission-intensive industrial sectors, accounting for approximately 95% of global metal production and 7–9% of global CO₂ emissions. Its decarbonization is therefore central to climate change mitigation and has potential co-benefits for environmental quality and human health through reductions in air pollutants associated with conventional coal-based steelmaking. This review addresses the following question: which technological and systemic pathways can reduce emissions from iron and steel production, and what constraints limit their deployment across regions? The article synthesizes current knowledge on the dominant blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace routes, their emission intensities, and their role in global steel production. It then evaluates two complementary groups of decarbonization pathways: optimization of existing carbon-intensive processes and the transition to low- and near-zero-carbon technologies, including hydrogen-based direct reduction, electrification, carbon capture, utilization and storage. Particular attention is given to the dependence of these pathways on low-carbon electricity, hydrogen availability, scrap supply, infrastructure, policy frameworks, and regional economic conditions. The review highlights that technological readiness alone is insufficient to ensure deep decarbonization; implementation depends on the alignment of energy systems, industrial investment cycles, and climate policy. From a public health perspective, steel decarbonization should be understood as a climate mitigation measure with potential health co-benefits, particularly where it reduces both greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution.