An annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Galician waters is presented. The list is based on historical both literature records and on new revisions. The ichthyofauna list is composed by 398 species. It is diversified in 2 superclasses, 3 class, 35 orders, 139 families and 288 genuses. Perciformes is the most diverse order with 37 families, 91 genus and 136 species. Gobiidae (19 species) and Sparidae (19 species) are the richest families. Biogeographically, the Lusitanian is the most important group including 204 species (51.3%), followed by the Atlantic group with 149 species (37.4%), the Boreal group with 28 species (7%) and the 17 species (4.3%) of the African group. A total of 42 species have been included as new records for the study area, and 3 records have been identified as doubtful. Identification and registration of errors from previous studies have been also indicated.

The Notacanthiformes is an ancient group of deep-sea ray-finned fishes comprising 27 species in two families; Halosauridae and Notacanthidae. Although many studies have tried to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among the major clades of Elopomorpha, little is known about the evolutionary history of notacanthiforms. Molecular and morphological data were used to test previous hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic relationships among notacanthiform taxa, and to unravel the origin and evolution of this group. The molecular analyses of notacanthids showed similar results to those previously obtained employing osteological data, which proposed the existence of the Lipogenyinae (Lipogenys) and Notacanthinae (Notacanthus + Polyacanthonotus) subfamilies. Nevertheless, when the external morphology data is considered Lipogenys is more related to Notacanthus than Polyacanthonotus. The analyses could not fully resolve the inner relationships of the halosaurids. The time-calibrated tree of the order Notacanthiformes shows a long process of diversification spanning from the upper Cretaceous, to 50 million years after the K-Pg extinction, with the gradual emergence of all the modern families and genera of the group. This is the first specific phylogeny of the order Notacanthiformes, combining different analyses and data in order to obtain a wider perspective of the evolution and diversification of this group of fishes.