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In this work, the biomass productivity for biorefinery products and growth curves of three autochthonous microalgae collected in different reservoirs (“Scenedesmus sp.” (SSP), mixture of Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella minutissima,Chlorellas sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. named “La Orden” (LO) consortium and Chlorella minutissima named “Charca Brovales” (CB) consortium) were studied in a 5.5 L column laboratory photobioreactor. Two different culture media, Arnon culture (AM) and an agriculture fertilizer-based liquid medium (FM), have been used to evaluate the growth effect of the microalgae; it was found that the medium has a clear effect on the biomass productivity and growth rate, which ranged between 0.26–0.498 g L−1 d−1 and 0.288–0.864 d−1, respectively. In general, the elemental analysis and higher heating value of microalgae biomass for the three species were independent of the culture medium used for its growth, while their lipids and sugars content depended upon the species type and culture medium used in the cultivation. “La Orden” microalga was selected (given its best adaption to the climatic conditions) to study the biomass productivity and growth rate in two exterior photobioreactors (100 L column and 400 L flat panel), using FM as a medium, obtaining values of 0.116–0.266 g L−1 d−1 and 0.360–0.312 d−1, respectively. An automation and control system was designed to operate the exterior photobioreactors pilot plant. The lipid content of this microalga in these photobioreactors was lower than in the laboratory one, with a fatty acids profile with predominantly palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Also, the fresh biomass collected from these photobioreactors was studied in a batch type digestion process for biogas production, obtaining a CH4 yield of 296 ± 23 L CH4 kgVSS−1 added with a reduction in percentage of COD and vs. of 50 ± 1% and 50 ± 1.7%, respectively.
Juan González; Teresa Cuello; Antonio Calderón; Manuel Calderón; Jerónimo González; Diego Carmona. Cultivation of Autochthonous Microalgae for Biomass Feedstock: Growth Curves and Biomass Characterization for Their Use in Biorefinery Products. Energies 2021, 14, 4567 .
AMA StyleJuan González, Teresa Cuello, Antonio Calderón, Manuel Calderón, Jerónimo González, Diego Carmona. Cultivation of Autochthonous Microalgae for Biomass Feedstock: Growth Curves and Biomass Characterization for Their Use in Biorefinery Products. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4567.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan González; Teresa Cuello; Antonio Calderón; Manuel Calderón; Jerónimo González; Diego Carmona. 2021. "Cultivation of Autochthonous Microalgae for Biomass Feedstock: Growth Curves and Biomass Characterization for Their Use in Biorefinery Products." Energies 14, no. 15: 4567.
Smart grids and smart microgrids (SMGs) require proper monitoring for their operation. To this end, measuring, data acquisition, and storage, as well as remote online visualization of real-time information, must be performed using suitable equipment. An experimental SMG is being deployed that combines photovoltaics and the energy carrier hydrogen through the interconnection of photovoltaic panels, electrolyser, fuel cell, and load around a voltage bus powered by a lithium battery. This paper presents a monitoring system based on open-source hardware and software for tracking the temperature of the photovoltaic generator in such an SMG. In fact, the increases in temperature in PV modules lead to a decrease in their efficiency, so this parameter needs to be measured in order to monitor and evaluate the operation. Specifically, the developed monitoring system consists of a network of digital temperature sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller, which feeds the acquired data to a Raspberry Pi microcomputer. The latter is accessed by a cloud-enabled user/operator interface implemented in Grafana. The monitoring system is expounded and experimental results are reported to validate the proposal.
José Portalo; Isaías González; Antonio Calderón. Monitoring System for Tracking a PV Generator in an Experimental Smart Microgrid: An Open-Source Solution. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8182 .
AMA StyleJosé Portalo, Isaías González, Antonio Calderón. Monitoring System for Tracking a PV Generator in an Experimental Smart Microgrid: An Open-Source Solution. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Portalo; Isaías González; Antonio Calderón. 2021. "Monitoring System for Tracking a PV Generator in an Experimental Smart Microgrid: An Open-Source Solution." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8182.
Intelligent energy facilities, e.g., smart grids and microgrids are the evolution of traditional energy grids through digital transformation. These modern paradigms are expected to foster the utilization of renewable energies, sustainable development, and resilience of the power grid. A barrier found when deploying experimental smart grids and microgrids consists of handling the heterogeneity of the required hardware and software components as well as the available commercial equipment. Despite the fact that there is various architecture proposed in previous literature, it commonly lacks experimental validation, specification of involved equipment concerning industrial/proprietary or open-source nature, and concretization of communication protocols. To overcome such drawbacks, this paper proposes an innovative multi-layered architecture to deploy heterogeneous automation and monitoring systems for microgrids. The architecture is structured into six functional layers to organize the hardware and software equipment in an integrated manner. The open protocol Modbus TCP is chosen to harmonize communications, enabling the interconnection of equipment from industrial and energy scopes, indeed of open-source nature. An experimental photovoltaic-based smart microgrid is reported as the application case to demonstrate the suitability and validity of the proposal.
Isaías González; Antonio Calderón; José Portalo. Innovative Multi-Layered Architecture for Heterogeneous Automation and Monitoring Systems: Application Case of a Photovoltaic Smart Microgrid. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2234 .
AMA StyleIsaías González, Antonio Calderón, José Portalo. Innovative Multi-Layered Architecture for Heterogeneous Automation and Monitoring Systems: Application Case of a Photovoltaic Smart Microgrid. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaías González; Antonio Calderón; José Portalo. 2021. "Innovative Multi-Layered Architecture for Heterogeneous Automation and Monitoring Systems: Application Case of a Photovoltaic Smart Microgrid." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2234.
This work deals with the prediction of variables for a hydrogen energy storage system integrated into a microgrid. Due to the fact that this kind of system has a nonlinear behaviour, the use of traditional techniques is not accurate enough to generate good models of the system under study. Then, a hybrid intelligent system, based on clustering and regression techniques, has been developed and implemented to predict the power, the hydrogen level and the hydrogen system degradation. In this research, a hybrid intelligent model was created and validated over a dataset from a lab-size migrogrid. The achieved results show a better performance than other well-known classical regression methods, allowing us to predict the hydrogen consumption/generation with a mean absolute error of 0.63% with the test dataset respect to the maximum power of the system.
José-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Francisco Vivas; Francisca Segura; Antonio Barragán; Jose Calvo-Rolle; José Andújar. Hybrid Intelligent Modelling in Renewable Energy Sources-Based Microgrid. A Variable Estimation of the Hydrogen Subsystem Oriented to the Energy Management Strategy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10566 .
AMA StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca, Francisco Vivas, Francisca Segura, Antonio Barragán, Jose Calvo-Rolle, José Andújar. Hybrid Intelligent Modelling in Renewable Energy Sources-Based Microgrid. A Variable Estimation of the Hydrogen Subsystem Oriented to the Energy Management Strategy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10566.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Francisco Vivas; Francisca Segura; Antonio Barragán; Jose Calvo-Rolle; José Andújar. 2020. "Hybrid Intelligent Modelling in Renewable Energy Sources-Based Microgrid. A Variable Estimation of the Hydrogen Subsystem Oriented to the Energy Management Strategy." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10566.
The model-based methods of maximum power point (MPP) tracking in photovoltaic installations are widely known. One of these methods proposes the use of tracking by direct estimation of the maximum power point resistance using irradiance measurement processing. It proposes six different models for this estimate. In the present work, an exhaustive analysis to determine the robustness and accuracy of the different models was carried out. To perform the analysis, irradiance data sets, used to fit the parameters of the models, were collected. In addition, tests were done to determine MPP tracking accuracy of each of the six models. To carry out the tests, all models were compared with a widely used maximum power point tracking algorithm, perturb & observe, for different values of irradiance, temperature, and load.
Juan Ríos; Juan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Comparative Analysis of Robustness and Tracking Efficiency of Maximum Power Point in Photovoltaic Generators, Using Estimation of the Maximum Power Point Resistance by Irradiance gMeasurement Processing. Sensors 2020, 20, 7247 .
AMA StyleJuan Ríos, Juan Manuel Enrique, Antonio Javier Barragán, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Comparative Analysis of Robustness and Tracking Efficiency of Maximum Power Point in Photovoltaic Generators, Using Estimation of the Maximum Power Point Resistance by Irradiance gMeasurement Processing. Sensors. 2020; 20 (24):7247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Ríos; Juan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Robustness and Tracking Efficiency of Maximum Power Point in Photovoltaic Generators, Using Estimation of the Maximum Power Point Resistance by Irradiance gMeasurement Processing." Sensors 20, no. 24: 7247.
This article presents a methodological foundation to design and experimentally test a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) to be applied in renewable source-based microgrids with hydrogen as backup. The Model Predictive Controller has been developed with the aim to guarantee the best energy distribution while the microgrid operation is optimized considering both technical and economic parameters. As a differentiating element, this proposal provides a solution to the problem of energy management in real systems, addressing technological challenges such as charge management in topologies with direct battery connection, or loss of performance associated with equipment degradation or the required dynamics in the operation of hydrogen systems. That is, the proposed Model Predictive Controller achieves the optimization of microgrid operation both in the short and in the long-term basis. For this purpose, a generalized multi-objective function has been defined that considers the energy demand, operating costs, system performance as well as the suffered and accumulated degradation by microgrid elements throughout their lifespan. The generality in the definition of the model and cost function, allows multi-objective optimization problems to be raised depending on the application, topology or design criteria to be considered. For this purpose, a heuristic methodology based on artificial intelligence techniques is presented for the tuning of the controller parameters. The Model Predictive Controller has been validated by simulation and experimental tests in a case study, where the performance of the microgrid under energy excess and deficit situations has been tested, considering the constrains defined by the degradation of the systems that make up the microgrid. The designed controller always made it possible to guarantee both the power balance and the optimal energy distribution between systems according to the predefined priority and accumulated degradation, while guaranteeing the maximum operating voltage of the system with a margin of error less than 1%. The simulation and experimental results for the case study showed the validity of the controller and the design methodology used.
Francisco J. Vivas Fernández; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar Márquez; Antonio J. Calderón Godoy. Extended Model Predictive Controller to Develop Energy Management Systems in Renewable Source-Based Smart Microgrids with Hydrogen as Backup. Theoretical Foundation and Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8969 .
AMA StyleFrancisco J. Vivas Fernández, Francisca Segura Manzano, José Manuel Andújar Márquez, Antonio J. Calderón Godoy. Extended Model Predictive Controller to Develop Energy Management Systems in Renewable Source-Based Smart Microgrids with Hydrogen as Backup. Theoretical Foundation and Case Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8969.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco J. Vivas Fernández; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar Márquez; Antonio J. Calderón Godoy. 2020. "Extended Model Predictive Controller to Develop Energy Management Systems in Renewable Source-Based Smart Microgrids with Hydrogen as Backup. Theoretical Foundation and Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8969.
This paper proposes a multi-objective model predictive control (MPC) designed for the power management of a multi-stack fuel cell (FC) system integrated into a renewable sources-based microgrid. The main advantage of MPC is the fact that it allows the current timeslot to be optimized while taking future timeslots into account. The multi-objective function solves the problem related to the power dispatch at time that includes criteria to reduce the multi-stack FC degradation, operating and maintenance costs, as well as hydrogen consumption. Regarding the scientific literature, the novelty of this paper lies in the proposal of a generalized MPC controller for a multi-stack FC that can be used independently of the number of stacks that make it up. Although all the stacks that make up the modular FC system are identical, their levels of degradation, in general, will not be. Thus, over time, each stack can present a different behavior. Therefore, the power control strategy cannot be based on an equal distribution according to the nominal power of each stack. On the contrary, the control algorithm should take advantage of the characteristics of the multi-stack FC concept, distributing operation across all the stacks regarding their capacity to produce power/energy, and optimizing the overall performance.
Antonio José Calderón; Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control. Energies 2020, 13, 4924 .
AMA StyleAntonio José Calderón, Francisco José Vivas, Francisca Segura, José Manuel Andújar. Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4924.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio José Calderón; Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. 2020. "Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control." Energies 13, no. 18: 4924.
Hydrogen economy is one of the recently opened alternatives in the field of non-polluting energy. Hydrogen fuel cells show high performance, high reliability in stationary applications and minimal environmental impact. To increase the efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell it is very important to have a good model to predict its dynamic behavior. In addition, this model must be able to adapt iteratively to the changes that occur in its performance due to operating conditions and even to the degradation through its lifespan. This paper presents the application of an iterative fuzzy modeling methodology based on the extended Kalman filter applied to a real hydrogen fuel cell. Two algorithms based on the Kalman filter will be compared with the well-known backpropagation algorithm from three different initializations: by uniform partitioning, subtractive clustering and CMeans clustering. The used data have been collected during the actual operation of a real 3.4 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell. As the article experimentally shows, the Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy model allows to create a very accurate nonlinear dynamic model of the fuel cell, which can be very useful to design an efficient fuel cell control system.
Antonio J. Barragan; Juan M. Enrique; Francisca Segura; Jose M. Andujar. Iterative Fuzzy Modeling of Hydrogen Fuel Cells by the Extended Kalman Filter. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 180280 -180294.
AMA StyleAntonio J. Barragan, Juan M. Enrique, Francisca Segura, Jose M. Andujar. Iterative Fuzzy Modeling of Hydrogen Fuel Cells by the Extended Kalman Filter. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):180280-180294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio J. Barragan; Juan M. Enrique; Francisca Segura; Jose M. Andujar. 2020. "Iterative Fuzzy Modeling of Hydrogen Fuel Cells by the Extended Kalman Filter." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 180280-180294.
The progressive increase in hydrogen technologies’ role in transport, mobility, electrical microgrids, and even in residential applications, as well as in other sectors is expected. However, to achieve it, it is necessary to focus efforts on improving features of hydrogen-based systems, such as efficiency, start-up time, lifespan, and operating power range, among others. A key sector in the development of hydrogen technology is its production, renewable if possible, with the objective to obtain increasingly efficient, lightweight, and durable electrolyzers. For this, scientific works are currently being produced on stacks technology improvement (mainly based on two technologies: polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and alkaline) and on the balance of plant (BoP) or the industrial plant (its size depends on the power of the electrolyzer) that runs the stack for its best performance. PEM technology offers distinct advantages, apart from the high cost of its components, its durability that is not yet guaranteed and the availability in the MW range. Therefore, there is an open field of research for achievements in this technology. The two elements to improve are the stacks and BoP, also bearing in mind that improving BoP will positively affect the stack operation. This paper develops the design, implementation, and practical experimentation of a BoP for a medium-size PEM electrolyzer. It is based on the realization of the optimal design of the BoP, paying special attention to the subsystems that comprise it: the power supply subsystem, water management subsystem, hydrogen production subsystem, cooling subsystem, and control subsystem. Based on this, a control logic has been developed that guarantees efficient and safe operation. Experimental results validate the designed control logic in various operating cases, including warning and failure cases. Additionally, the experimental results show the correct operation in the different states of the plant, analyzing the evolution of the hydrogen flow pressure and temperature. The capacity of the developed PEM electrolysis plant is probed regarding its production rate, wide operating power range, reduced pressurization time, and high efficiency.
Julio José Caparrós Mancera; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar; Francisco José Vivas; Antonio José Calderón. An Optimized Balance of Plant for a Medium-Size PEM Electrolyzer: Design, Control and Physical Implementation. Electronics 2020, 9, 871 .
AMA StyleJulio José Caparrós Mancera, Francisca Segura Manzano, José Manuel Andújar, Francisco José Vivas, Antonio José Calderón. An Optimized Balance of Plant for a Medium-Size PEM Electrolyzer: Design, Control and Physical Implementation. Electronics. 2020; 9 (5):871.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulio José Caparrós Mancera; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Manuel Andújar; Francisco José Vivas; Antonio José Calderón. 2020. "An Optimized Balance of Plant for a Medium-Size PEM Electrolyzer: Design, Control and Physical Implementation." Electronics 9, no. 5: 871.
Hydrogen-based energy storage and generation is an increasingly used technology, especially in renewable systems because they are non-polluting devices. Fuel cells are complex nonlinear systems, so a good model is required to establish efficient control strategies. This paper presents a hybrid model to predict the variation of H2 flow of a hydrogen fuel cell. This model combining clusters’ techniques to get multiple Artificial Neural Networks models whose results are merged by Polynomial Regression algorithms to obtain a more accurate estimate. The model proposed in this article use the power generated by the fuel cell, the hydrogen inlet flow, and the desired power variation, to predict the necessary variation of the hydrogen flow that allows the stack to reach the desired working point. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a real proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the results show a great precision of the model, so that it can be very useful to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell system.
José-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Antonio Javier Barragán; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Luis Calvo-Rolle; José Manuel Andújar. Fuel Cell Hybrid Model for Predicting Hydrogen Inflow through Energy Demand. Electronics 2019, 8, 1325 .
AMA StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca, Antonio Javier Barragán, Francisca Segura Manzano, José Luis Calvo-Rolle, José Manuel Andújar. Fuel Cell Hybrid Model for Predicting Hydrogen Inflow through Energy Demand. Electronics. 2019; 8 (11):1325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Antonio Javier Barragán; Francisca Segura Manzano; José Luis Calvo-Rolle; José Manuel Andújar. 2019. "Fuel Cell Hybrid Model for Predicting Hydrogen Inflow through Energy Demand." Electronics 8, no. 11: 1325.
Large scale deployment of Smart Grids (SGs) and Smart Micro-Grids (SMGs) requires overcoming problems related to interoperability and high costs. To automate and monitor these challenging infrastructures, industrial equipment is used due to their reliability and versatility. In particular, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are the prevalent automation units devoted to process control. They are combined with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, responsible of acquiring and displaying operational data. One of the prominent trends to facilitate such deployment is the open source movement, being the Arduino microcontroller one of the most illustrative examples. This low-cost and community-supported platform is achieving increasing attention from academy and industry. However, there is still a need of integration frameworks to combine this device with reliable industrial equipment. This paper presents an approach that seamlessly integrates PLCs and Arduino platforms into a common SCADA system using the connectivity provided by Open Platform Communications (OPC). The open source device is devoted to sensing tasks. As a proof of concept, an application case has been carried out within the automation system of an experimental SMG, where the temperature of a PV panel is sensed and monitored. The developed system is described and successful results are reported.
Isaías González; Antonio José Calderón. Integration of open source hardware Arduino platform in automation systems applied to Smart Grids/Micro-Grids. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2019, 36, 100557 .
AMA StyleIsaías González, Antonio José Calderón. Integration of open source hardware Arduino platform in automation systems applied to Smart Grids/Micro-Grids. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2019; 36 ():100557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaías González; Antonio José Calderón. 2019. "Integration of open source hardware Arduino platform in automation systems applied to Smart Grids/Micro-Grids." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 36, no. : 100557.
Sustainability policies must have a strong educational component, since they must remain in time and be accepted as part of the reality of the new generations. The necessary care of the environment has opened a window of opportunities for engineers and scientists, since the vast majority of products must be redesigned or adapted to a new regulatory framework stricter with the care of the environment. These new opportunities require qualified engineers, however, we are seeing how technical qualifications have fewer and fewer students (at least in Spain). To correct this contradiction, the authors have devised a project that consists of the construction of a solar vehicle by pre-university students, to later carry out a public competition in which to reward the best projects. In this way, the authors intend to motivate these students to enroll in technical degrees, while promoting ecological awareness and giving visibility to the social and educational work of university research groups. This paper describes the project carried out at the University of Huelva together with 15 institutes in 2018, as well as some of the results obtained in it.
Yolanda Ceada-Garrido; Juan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; Ramón Tirado; José Manuel Andújar. Education in Sustainability and Promotion of Scientific-Technical Vocations in Pre-university Students Through the Construction of a Solar Vehicle. INCREaSE 2019 2019, 603 -610.
AMA StyleYolanda Ceada-Garrido, Juan Manuel Enrique, Antonio Javier Barragán, Ramón Tirado, José Manuel Andújar. Education in Sustainability and Promotion of Scientific-Technical Vocations in Pre-university Students Through the Construction of a Solar Vehicle. INCREaSE 2019. 2019; ():603-610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYolanda Ceada-Garrido; Juan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; Ramón Tirado; José Manuel Andújar. 2019. "Education in Sustainability and Promotion of Scientific-Technical Vocations in Pre-university Students Through the Construction of a Solar Vehicle." INCREaSE 2019 , no. : 603-610.
Por razones de sostenibilidad y estrategia energética, entre otras, existe en la actualidad una tendencia clara hacia el uso de nuevas formas de obtención, almacenamiento y gestión de energía, más eficientes y con un carácter eminentemente sostenible. Con este fin, se está investigando sobre sistemas de almacenamiento de energía; de los que uno de los más prometedores, en lo que a capacidad y movilidad se refiere, es el basado en hidrógeno. En el presente trabajo se obtiene un modelo para predecir el comportamiento dinámico de una pila de combustible alimentada por hidrógeno, lo cual permitirá mejorar su control entre otras aplicaciones. Las variables usadas en esta investigación se han extraído de un banco de pruebas real, donde se monitoriza una pila de combustible mientras se producen variaciones en una carga programable conectada a la salida de la misma. Para realizar este modelado se opta por estudiar la implementación de un modelo híbrido basado en técnicas de agrupamiento y, posteriormente, técnicas inteligentes de regresión con redes neuronales artificiales sobre cada uno de los grupos. La propuesta se ha probado con dos conjuntos de datos de validación, consiguiendo resultados altamente satisfactorios.
José-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Antonio Javier Barragán Piña; Francisca Segura; Jose Luis Calvo-Rolle; José Manuel Andújar. Sistema híbrido inteligente para la predicción de la tensión de una pila de combustible basada en hidrógeno. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 2019, 16, 492 -501.
AMA StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca, Antonio Javier Barragán Piña, Francisca Segura, Jose Luis Calvo-Rolle, José Manuel Andújar. Sistema híbrido inteligente para la predicción de la tensión de una pila de combustible basada en hidrógeno. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 2019; 16 (4):492-501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Antonio Javier Barragán Piña; Francisca Segura; Jose Luis Calvo-Rolle; José Manuel Andújar. 2019. "Sistema híbrido inteligente para la predicción de la tensión de una pila de combustible basada en hidrógeno." Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 16, no. 4: 492-501.
Extensive digitization and interconnection through networks have ushered in a number of new paradigms over the last years: Internet of Things, cyber–physical systems, Industry 4.0, etc. These challenging systems rely on an effective information communication between distributed components. Therefore, the heterogeneity of entities, both hardware and software, must be handled to achieve an operative interoperability and a proper behavior. However, there is also a heterogeneous availability of solutions; different technologies, protocols, and architectures aim to achieve a seamless interconnection. Henceforth, the standardization still requires great efforts from industrial and scientific environments. In this sense, the interface of the open platform communications (OPC) has supported connectivity for automation and supervision infrastructures for more than two decades. The OPC comprises the so-called classic OPC, the original protocol, as well as the last specification, unified architecture (UA). The widespread utilization of the classic OPC together with the powerful functionalities of OPC UA, make the latter one of the main candidates to lead the standardization and systems integration. This paper presents a survey of recent OPC-based systems reported in scientific literature for different domains as well as research projects. The goal of this paper is to provide a broad perspective about the OPC’ applicability and capabilities in order to support the decision about communication interfaces. The results are analyzed and discussed putting special attention on the aforementioned new paradigms. Finally, the main conclusions and open research directions are highlighted.
Isaías González; Antonio José Calderón; João Figueiredo; João M. C. Sousa. A Literature Survey on Open Platform Communications (OPC) Applied to Advanced Industrial Environments. Electronics 2019, 8, 510 .
AMA StyleIsaías González, Antonio José Calderón, João Figueiredo, João M. C. Sousa. A Literature Survey on Open Platform Communications (OPC) Applied to Advanced Industrial Environments. Electronics. 2019; 8 (5):510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaías González; Antonio José Calderón; João Figueiredo; João M. C. Sousa. 2019. "A Literature Survey on Open Platform Communications (OPC) Applied to Advanced Industrial Environments." Electronics 8, no. 5: 510.
A fuel cell is a complex system, which produces electricity through an electrochemical reaction. For the formal application of control strategies on a fuel cell, it is very important to have a precise dynamic model of it. In this paper, a dynamic model of a real hydrogen fuel cell is obtained to predict its response. The data used in this paper to obtain the model have been acquired from a real fuel cell subjected to different load patterns by means of a programmable electronic load. Using this data, a nonlinear model based on a hybrid intelligent system is obtained. This hybrid model uses artificial neural networks to predict the output current of the fuel cell in a very precise way. The use of a hybrid scheme improves the performance of neural networks reducing to half the mean squared error obtained for a global model of the fuel cell.
José-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Antonio Javier Barragán; Francisca Segura; José Luis Calvo-Rolle; José Manuel Andújar. Fuel Cell Output Current Prediction with a Hybrid Intelligent System. Complexity 2019, 2019, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca, Antonio Javier Barragán, Francisca Segura, José Luis Calvo-Rolle, José Manuel Andújar. Fuel Cell Output Current Prediction with a Hybrid Intelligent System. Complexity. 2019; 2019 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé-Luis Casteleiro-Roca; Antonio Javier Barragán; Francisca Segura; José Luis Calvo-Rolle; José Manuel Andújar. 2019. "Fuel Cell Output Current Prediction with a Hybrid Intelligent System." Complexity 2019, no. : 1-10.
New paradigms such as the Industry 4.0, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), or industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs) have been impacting the manufacturing environment in recent years. Nevertheless, these challenging concepts are also being faced from the educational field: Engineering students must acquire knowledge and skills under the view of these frameworks. This paper describes the utilization of an Industry 4.0-oriented flexible manufacturing system (FMS) as an educational tool to develop final projects (FPs) of engineering degrees. A number of scopes are covered by an FMS, such as automation, supervision, instrumentation, communications, and robotics. The utilization of an FMS with educational purposes started in the academic year 2011–2012 and still remains active. Here, the most illustrative FPs are expounded, and successful academic outcomes are reported. In addition, a set of initial considerations based on the experience acquired by the FP tutors is provided.
Isaías González; Antonio José Calderón. Development of Final Projects in Engineering Degrees around an Industry 4.0-Oriented Flexible Manufacturing System: Preliminary Outcomes and Some Initial Considerations. Education Sciences 2018, 8, 214 .
AMA StyleIsaías González, Antonio José Calderón. Development of Final Projects in Engineering Degrees around an Industry 4.0-Oriented Flexible Manufacturing System: Preliminary Outcomes and Some Initial Considerations. Education Sciences. 2018; 8 (4):214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaías González; Antonio José Calderón. 2018. "Development of Final Projects in Engineering Degrees around an Industry 4.0-Oriented Flexible Manufacturing System: Preliminary Outcomes and Some Initial Considerations." Education Sciences 8, no. 4: 214.
Networks of sensors and actuators in automated manufacturing processes are implemented using industrial fieldbuses, where automation units and supervisory systems are also connected to exchange operational information. In the context of the incoming fourth industrial revolution, called Industry 4.0, the management of legacy facilities is a paramount issue to deal with. This paper presents a solution to enhance the connectivity of a legacy Flexible Manufacturing System, which constitutes the first step in the adoption of the Industry 4.0 concept. Such a system includes the fieldbus PROcess FIeld BUS (PROFIBUS) around which sensors, actuators, and controllers are interconnected. In order to establish effective communication between the sensors and actuators network and a supervisory system, a hardware and software approach including Ethernet connectivity is implemented. This work is envisioned to contribute to the migration of legacy systems towards the challenging Industry 4.0 framework. The experimental results prove the proper operation of the FMS and the feasibility of the proposal.
Antonio José Calderón Godoy; Isaías González Pérez. Integration of Sensor and Actuator Networks and the SCADA System to Promote the Migration of the Legacy Flexible Manufacturing System towards the Industry 4.0 Concept. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 2018, 7, 23 .
AMA StyleAntonio José Calderón Godoy, Isaías González Pérez. Integration of Sensor and Actuator Networks and the SCADA System to Promote the Migration of the Legacy Flexible Manufacturing System towards the Industry 4.0 Concept. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks. 2018; 7 (2):23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio José Calderón Godoy; Isaías González Pérez. 2018. "Integration of Sensor and Actuator Networks and the SCADA System to Promote the Migration of the Legacy Flexible Manufacturing System towards the Industry 4.0 Concept." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 7, no. 2: 23.
Antonio José Calderón; Isaías González. SOFTWARE-IN-THE-LOOP APPROACH FOR AUTOMATION AND SUPERVISORY SYSTEMS EDUCATION. INTED2018 Proceedings 2018, 4241 -4245.
AMA StyleAntonio José Calderón, Isaías González. SOFTWARE-IN-THE-LOOP APPROACH FOR AUTOMATION AND SUPERVISORY SYSTEMS EDUCATION. INTED2018 Proceedings. 2018; ():4241-4245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio José Calderón; Isaías González. 2018. "SOFTWARE-IN-THE-LOOP APPROACH FOR AUTOMATION AND SUPERVISORY SYSTEMS EDUCATION." INTED2018 Proceedings , no. : 4241-4245.
Isaías González; Antonio José Calderón; João Figueiredo; João M.C. Sousa. DESIGN OF AN EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM FOR AUTOMATION AND SUPERVISION UNDER THE INDUSTRY 4.0 FRAMEWORK. INTED2018 Proceedings 2018, 4223 -4232.
AMA StyleIsaías González, Antonio José Calderón, João Figueiredo, João M.C. Sousa. DESIGN OF AN EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM FOR AUTOMATION AND SUPERVISION UNDER THE INDUSTRY 4.0 FRAMEWORK. INTED2018 Proceedings. 2018; ():4223-4232.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsaías González; Antonio José Calderón; João Figueiredo; João M.C. Sousa. 2018. "DESIGN OF AN EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM FOR AUTOMATION AND SUPERVISION UNDER THE INDUSTRY 4.0 FRAMEWORK." INTED2018 Proceedings , no. : 4223-4232.
By the application of well-known circuit analysis techniques, this paper develops an intuitive approach to model the steady state regime of the three DC/DC power converters’ basic topologies (buck, boost and buck-boost). The developed approach can be considered new, realistic, accurate, general and practical. The approach is new because it is not present in the literature; realistic because it considers the main non-idealities of the different passive and active components that make up the converters; accurate because its theoretical results fit properly to those obtained in actual converters; general because it is valid for the three basic topologies; and practical because its applicability is easy and immediate from the data sheets of the converters’ components (no measurements are needed). The developed model transforms a complex system with strong non-idealities in the form of distributed parameters, in a simple and intuitive scheme of concentrated parameters (just three), which accurately reflects the actual behavior of the three basic converters’ topologies. The characteristic parameters of the model and its main relationships are determined analytically. The quality of the developed approach has been tested in the paper and can be considered excellent.
Juan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; Eladio Durán; José Manuel Andújar; Juan Manuel Enrique Gómez; Antonio Javier Barragán Piña; Eladio Durán Aranda; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Theoretical Assessment of DC/DC Power Converters’ Basic Topologies. A Common Static Model. Applied Sciences 2017, 8, 19 .
AMA StyleJuan Manuel Enrique, Antonio Javier Barragán, Eladio Durán, José Manuel Andújar, Juan Manuel Enrique Gómez, Antonio Javier Barragán Piña, Eladio Durán Aranda, José Manuel Andújar Márquez. Theoretical Assessment of DC/DC Power Converters’ Basic Topologies. A Common Static Model. Applied Sciences. 2017; 8 (1):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Manuel Enrique; Antonio Javier Barragán; Eladio Durán; José Manuel Andújar; Juan Manuel Enrique Gómez; Antonio Javier Barragán Piña; Eladio Durán Aranda; José Manuel Andújar Márquez. 2017. "Theoretical Assessment of DC/DC Power Converters’ Basic Topologies. A Common Static Model." Applied Sciences 8, no. 1: 19.