Ultrasonic and radiographic testing are generally two basic methods for volumetric (internal) defect detection in non-destructive testing. Since both methods are commonly used for the same thing, the question arises as to whether both are equally capable of detecting some commonly occurring defects in manufacturing. Commonly occurring defects are generally considered to be fusion defects, drilled holes (which act as pores), etc. To prove or disprove the hypothesis that both methods can generally be used to detect these defects, an experiment was conducted using three welded plates with artificially inserted defects. The welded plates had multiple defects that were intentionally placed close to each other to further complicate the interpretation of the UT results. UT investigation was based on phased-array technology with a multi-element probe. RT investigation was performed with an X-ray machine. Both investigations were based on the respective European standards: for UT, EN ISO 17640, and for RT, EN ISO 17636-1. The results and conclusions from the experiment are presented in this paper.

Metal inert gas (MIG) welding is one of the processes most commonly used for joining metals, especially for joining aluminum and its alloys. The application of a pulsed current in an electric arc allows better controllability of the molten droplets and the arc transition, which subsequently leads to welds with characteristic flaky joints of better quality. In this paper, the optimization of parameters for welding aluminum alloys using the synchropulse welding process is investigated. By observing the input variables that have the greatest influence on the change in appearance of the welding current characteristics (delta wire feed from 0.1 to 6.0 m/min, frequency F from 0.5 to 3 Hz, duty cycle from 10% to 90%), it is possible to perform an optimization to achieve the desired output values. The output variables of the experiments are defined as insufficient/excessive throat thickness (mm), depth of penetration (mm), and weld width (mm); and for the desired quality of the welded joint the most acceptable range of its values is selected, the numerical optimization implementation. The experiment has shown that the delta wire feed has the greatest effect on the observed properties, while the influence of frequency F and duty cycle is somewhat smaller, but the factors responsible for the observed output properties are still significant. From all this, it is possible to select specific values of these input variables to define the best possible observed properties and to determine the characteristics of the defined mathematical models.

Computed tomography is a non-destructive method that uses the nature of X-ray in order to measure both inner and outer objects' geometry. Because of many advantages and possibilities of conducting both material analysis inspection and...

The Zacns 98 m³ wagon is a wagon with a tank intended for the transportation of dangerous goods in a liquid state. Accidents caused by faulty production can have serious consequences for material goods and human health. It is therefore necessary to p...