There are two species of Pleurolobus and five species of Sohmaea in Thailand and Indo-China. Pleurolobus flexuosus and Sohmaea laxiflora are newly recorded for Cambodia. Taxonomic information of all species is provided. Lectotypes of six names, Desmodium cavaleriei, D. flexuosum, D. laxiflorum, D. macrophyllum, D. ormocarpoides var. velutina, and D. zonatum are designated. One new combination is made as Sohmaea laxiflora subsp. lacei.

A taxonomy of the genus Phyllodium Desv. in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam is presented. The plant specimens collected from the fields and herbarium specimens kept at Asian and European herbaria are examined. The IUCN conservation status of each species at regional and national levels is assessed. Five species are enumerated, viz., Phyllodium elegans (Lour.) Desv., P. kurzianum (Kuntze) H.Ohashi, P. longipes (Craib) Schindl., P. pulchellum (L.) Desv., and P. vestitum Benth. Lectotypification of two names, Desmodium longipes Craib and D. tonkinense Schindl., is performed. A key to the species, description, distribution, ecology, phenology, vernacular names, full list of specimens examined, and photographs are provided. The conservation status of five Phyllodium species varies across Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Indochina. Phyllodium elegans and P. pulchellum are consistently Least Concern (LC) in all regions. Phyllodium kurzianum is Data Deficient (DD) in Laos, Near Threatened (NT) in Vietnam, and LC in Indochina. Phyllodium longipes is EN in Cambodia but LC elsewhere. Phyllodium vestitum is NT in Cambodia, Vulnerable (VU) in Laos and Vietnam, and LC in Indochina. The taxonomic information provided in this work will contribute to the advancement of the Flora of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam and the conservation status of each species proposed in this paper can be used for future conservation planning.

Fabaceae, the third-largest family of angiosperms, occurs in diverse habitats, including limestone areas characterized by karst landscapes, and in Thailand, by frequent human disturbance due to activities such as agriculture and mining. These disturbances affect plant species, which highlights the importance of diversity studies and the use of morphology and anatomy for identification. A study of Fabaceae diversity in a limestone area in Thung Song District, southern Thailand, were conducted along three survey routes. A total of 23 genera and 30 species were encountered, including 2 vulnerable, 1 rare, and 8 introduced species. Morphological, phenological, ecological, and conservation status data were recorded. The leaf epidermis of 23 species was observed under a light microscope. Stomatal size and stomatal index were measured. Phanera tubicalyx, an endemic and vulnerable species restricted to limestone habitats, had multiple papillae on its epidermal cells, which may reduce water loss and enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Both hypostomatic and amphistomatic leaves were observed. Stomatal size ranged from 114.63 ± 17.57 μm² to 608.88 ± 16.42 μm², while the stomatal index varied from 0.85 ± 0.78 to 23.86 ± 0.16. Peculiar paired crystals and multiple papillae were found in Canavalia cathartica and P. tubicalyx, respectively. These and other morphological and leaf epidermal characteristics were useful for species identification. Human disturbances from agriculture and mining were common in the study area. In conclusion, this study documented 30 Fabaceae species and demonstrated the usefulness of morphological and leaf epidermal characteristics for species identification and conservation.

Panyadee P, De Stefano RD, Leeratiwong C, Ninkaew S, Saisorn W, Satthaphorn J, Sutjaritjai N, Balslev H. 2026. Diversity, distribution, ethnobotany, and taxonomic revision of the genus Senegalia (Fabaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270236. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270236. Senegalia (Fabaceae) represents the most diverse group of armed legumes in Thailand and has not been taxonomically revised since Nielsen’s (1985) treatment under Acacia. Here, we present the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of Senegalia in Thailand, integrating morphological and ethnobotanical evidence in accordance with current generic concepts. Field surveys and extensive herbarium studies revealed 14 species comprising 16 taxa, belonging to two sections, sect. Senegalia and sect. Monacanthea. Two taxa (Senegalia catechu and Senegalia pennata subsp. pennata) are introduced and now naturalized, while 13 species are native to the country. Senegalia pennata subsp. insuavis, previously regarded as exotic, is confirmed as native based on its occurrence in undisturbed habitats, whereas S. pruinescens is excluded due to misidentification. Species richness is highest in northern and peninsular Thailand. Six taxa (five species) have documented ethnobotanical uses, including food, medicine, dyes, and fish poison. Vegetative characters, particularly petiole gland morphology, leaflet venation, and stipule form prove reliable for field identification and are emphasized to facilitate practical use. This revision presents an updated taxonomic framework and serves as a reference for botanical, ethnobotanical, and conservation studies of Senegalia in Thailand.