The drug nanosuspensions is a universal formulation approach for improved drug delivery of hydrophobic drugs and one the most promising approaches for increasing the biopharmaceutical performance of poorly water-soluble drug substances, especially for nature products. This review aimed to summarize the nanosuspensions preparation approaches and the main technological difficulties encountered in nanosuspensions development, such as guidelines for stabilizers screening, in vivo fate of the intravenously administrated nanosuspensions, and how to realize the intravenously target delivery was reviewed. Furthermore, challenges of nanosuspensions for the nature products delivery also was discussed and commented. Therefore, it hoped to provide reference and assistance for the nanosuspensions production, stabilizers usage, and predictability of in vivo fate and controllability of targeting delivery of the nature products nanosuspensions.

Journal of Medical Internet Research - International Scientific Journal for Medical Research, Information and Communication on the Internet #Preprint #PeerReviewMe: Warning: This is a unreviewed preprint. Readers are warned that the document has not been peer-reviewed by expert/patient reviewers or an academic editor, may contain misleading claims, and is likely to undergo changes before final publication, if accepted, or may have been rejected/withdrawn. Readers with interest and expertise are encouraged to sign up as peer-reviewer, if the paper is within an open peer-review period. Please cite this preprint only for review purposes or for grant applications and CVs (if you are the author). Background: Some hospitalized patients rapidly deteriorate due to either disease progression or imperfect triage and level of care assignment after their admission. An EWS to identify patients at high risk of subsequent intra-hospital death can be an effective tool to benefit patient safety and quality of care, and also reduce avoidable harm and costs. Objective: To prospectively validate a real-time early warning system (EWS) with the capacity to predict patients at high risk of in-hospital mortality during their inpatient episodes. Methods: Data were collected from the system-wide electronic medical record (EMR) of two acute Berkshire Health System hospitals, comprised of 54,246 inpatient admissions from January 01, 2015 to September 30, 2017, of which 3.97% resulted in intra-hospital deaths. After constructing the model using statistical methods and modern machine learning algorithms, we prospectively validated the algorithms as a real-time inpatient early warning system (EWS) for mortality. Results: Our EWS algorithm scored patients’ daily and long-term risk of in-hospital mortality probability after admission and stratified them into distinct risk groups. In the prospective validation, our EWS prospectively attained a c-statistic of 0.884, where 99 encounters were captured in the highest risk group, 68.69% of which died during the episodes. Furthermore, our real-time EWS successfully forecasted the top 13.33% of the expired patients at least 40.8 hours before death. Important clinical utilization features, together with coded diagnoses, vital signs and laboratory test results were recognized as impactful predictors in the final EWS. Conclusions: In this study, we prospectively demonstrated our new EWS’s capability of real-time monitoring and alerting clinicians to patients at high risk of in-hospital death, providing opportunities for timely interventions. This real-time EWS is able to assist clinical decision making and enable more actionable and effective individualized care for better patients’ health outcomes in target medical facilities.

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AM), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with many medicinal values, has a long usage history in China and other oriental countries. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of volatile oils, polysaccharides, lactones, flavonoids, and others. The polysaccharides from AM are important medicinal components, mainly composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), mannose (Man), galacturonic acid (GalA) and xylose (Xyl). It also showed valuable bioactivities, such as immunomodulatory, antitumour, gastroprotective and intestinal health-promoting, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic as well as other activities. At the same time, based on its special structure and pharmacological activity, it can also be used as immune adjuvant, natural plant supplement and vaccine adjuvant. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically analyze up-to-data on the chemical compositions, biological activities and applications of polysaccharide from AM based on scientific literatures in recent years.

Syzygium aromaticum is an aromatic plant native to Indonesia, and introduced to tropical regions worldwide. As an ingredient in perfumes, lotions, and food preservation, it is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. Also, it is used to treat toothache, ulcers, type 2 diabetes, etc. A variety of nutrients such as amino acids, proteins, fatty acids, and vitamins are found in S. aromaticum. In addition to eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol acetate, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are the main chemical constituents. The chemical constituents of S. aromaticum exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiulcer, etc. This review aims to comprehend the information on its taxonomy and botany, nutritional composition, chemical composition, bioactivities and their mechanisms, toxicity, and potential applications. This review will be a comprehensive scientific resource for those interested in pursuing further research to explore its value in food.