The unique photoelectric properties of phosphorene typically include anisotropy, hence the nondestructive and rapid identification of its crystal orientation is a key point to the investigation and application of phosphorene. Currently, the orientation identification by analyzing the A_g¹ mode based on parallel-polarized Raman has severe requirements for the applicable Raman system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more general, convenient, and accurate method for determining the crystal orientation of phosphorene. In this paper, a method of orientation identification was proposed by using a Raman system without an analyzer and quantifying the correlation between the intensities of A_g¹ and A_g² modes with the change of the incident polarization direction. By using mechanically peeled phosphorene as specimens, Raman measurements were carried out under the Raman configurations of both parallel polarization and with no analyzer. The results show that the crystal orientation of phosphorene can be accurately identified by quantifying the Raman intensities of both A_g¹ and A_g² modes using the Raman system without an analyzer.

Electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) technology is a standard industrial method for the preparation of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) deposition on aeroengines. The internal stress of EB-PVD TBCs, including stress inside the top coating (TC) and thermal oxidation stress during long-term service is one of the key reasons for thermal barrier failures. However, research on the synergistic characterization of the internal stress of EB-PVD TBCs is still lacking. In this work, the stress inside the TC layer and the thermal oxidation stress of EB-PVD TBC during long-term thermal cycles were synergistically detected, combining Cr³⁺-PLPS and THz-TDS technologies. Based on a self-built THz-TDS system, stress-THz coefficients c₁ and c₂ of the EB-PVD TBC, which are the core parameters for stress characterization, were calibrated for the first time. According to experimental results, the evolution law of the internal stress of the TC layer was similar to that of the TGO stress, which were interrelated and influenced by each other. In addition, the internal stress of the TC layer was less than that of the TGO stress due to the columnar crystal microstructure of EB-PVD TBCs.

Alterations to the bone structure from cycle loadings can undermine its damage resistance at multiple scales. The accumulation of fatigue damage in a bone is commonly characterized by the reduction in the elastic modulus. In this study, nano-indentation was used for investigating microscopic damage evolution of bovine tibia samples subjected to fatigue loading. Indentation tests were conducted in the same 60 μm × 120 μm area with different degrees of damage, including fracture, and the evolution of reduced modulus was observed. The results showed that bone’s reduced modulus decreased significantly during the initial 40% of the life fraction, whereas it proceeded slowly during the remaining period. As the size of the residual indentations was about 4 μm in length, the degradation of bone’s reduced modulus reflected the accumulation of fatigue damage at smaller scales.

Steaming potential is an electrical phenomenon caused by the flow of liquid along a solid surface. In order to adapt to the more complex environment and meet the higher requirements, the electrochemical response of flexible tube under external load may lay a foundation for the research of new sensor. Reasonable design of flexible tube and electrode structure, built a suitable measurement system to measure its electrical response. The results show that the frequency of the electrical signal fluctuates with the load fluctuation, and it has the characteristics of frequency doubling at higher values.