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Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among the environmental aspects, drought and salinity are the most important factors, which limit the forages, including grasses, on a global basis. Grass species have the ability to grow under low water conditions and can produce high dry yield, proteins, and energy in areas exposed to drought stress. For this purpose, we conducted the present study to understand the response of forage grasses under drought stress from two different regions (Salt Range and Faisalabad) of Punjab, Pakistan. Two ecotypes of each grass species (Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz.) were grown in pots at the botanical research area, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. A group of plants were subjected to drought stress (60% field capacity) and controlled (100% field capacity) after three weeks of seed germination. The results from the present study depicted that the fresh and dry weights of root and shoot were decreased significantly under drought conditions. Moreover, C. ciliaris of the Salt Range area showed more resistance and higher growth production under drought stress. The chlorophyll (a and b) contents were also decreased significantly, while MDA, total soluble sugars, and proline levels were increased significantly under water-limited environments in the C. arenarius of Salt Range area. Enzymatic antioxidants (superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD)) and leaf Na+ were significantly raised in C. arenarius under drought stress collected from the Faisalabad region. Cenchrus ciliaris showed higher level of H2O2, total soluble proteins, glycinebetaine, catalase (CAT) and POD compared to C. arenarius. It also retained more leaf and root Ca2+, and root K+ under drought stress. It was concluded from the study that C. ciliaris is more resistant to drought in biomass production collected from the Salt Range area. The results suggested that C. ciliaris can be more widely used as a forage grass under water-scarce conditions as compared to C. arenarius.
Muhammad Ghafar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Jianyong Wang; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8069 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ghafar, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Jianyong Wang, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Alyemeni. Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8069.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ghafar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Jianyong Wang; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Ecotypic Morphological and Physio-Biochemical Responses of Two Differentially Adapted Forage Grasses, Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Cyperus arenarius Retz. to Drought Stress." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8069.
Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh; Ali Mirhosseini; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Mirza Hasanuzzaman. Forage potential of Salsola species in arid-saline rangeland. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021, 45, 203 -215.
AMA StyleHadi Pirasteh-Anosheh, Ali Mirhosseini, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Mirza Hasanuzzaman. Forage potential of Salsola species in arid-saline rangeland. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 2021; 45 (3):203-215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHadi Pirasteh-Anosheh; Ali Mirhosseini; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Mirza Hasanuzzaman. 2021. "Forage potential of Salsola species in arid-saline rangeland." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 45, no. 3: 203-215.
The influence of seed priming with varying levels (50 and 100 mg L−1) of alpha-tocopherol (Toc) was investigated in carrot plants under water-deficit conditions. For this purpose, two cultivars of carrot, DC4 and DC90, were selected and subjected to well-watered (100% field capacity (FC)) and water-deficit stress (50% FC). After 21 days of water-deficit conditions, a significant suppression was observed in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, their lengths, chlorophyll a, b and total contents, and total soluble proteins (TSP). However, an up-regulatory effect of water stress was observed on the concentrations of glycinebetaine (GB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics as well as the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. Exogenous application of alpha-tocopherol was effective in reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents and improving all growth attributes, contents of chlorophyll, proline, GB, AsA, total phenolics, TSP, and the activities of CAT and POD enzymes. Of both carrot cultivars, cv. DC4 had better performance in terms of growth attributes, whereas the response of the two cultivars was similar in all other attributes varying water regimes. Overall, it is suggested that seed priming with 100 mg L−1 Toc was effective in improving plant growth attributes, osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of carrot plants under water-deficit conditions.
Abdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy 2021, 11, 469 .
AMA StyleAbdul Hameed, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Hameed; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Seed Treatment with α-Tocopherol Regulates Growth and Key Physio-Biochemical Attributes in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants under Water Limited Regimes." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 469.
Several inorganic and organic compounds including glycine betaine (GB) are presently being used as an exogenous application to enhance tolerance in plants to different environmental stresses. The current study assessed to what extent exogenously applied GB could improve the gaseous exchange capacity and primary and secondary metabolites in two accessions (16178 and 16180) of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plants under drought stress. Three-week-old plants of both safflower accessions were subjected to well-watered (control) or water-deficit conditions (60% field capacity (FC)). Three levels of GB (control, 50 mM and 100 mM) were sprayed to the foliage of the control and stressed plants after one month of drought application. After two weeks of foliar application of GB, gas exchange characteristics and other biochemical parameters were determined. The results showed that water deficiency markedly suppressed plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate (A), water use efficiency (A/E), stomatal conductance (gs) and relative water contents (RWC) of both accessions of safflower, while it enhanced the levels of osmolytes (GB and proline), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total phenolics. Foliar application of GB was effective in enhancing the plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gs, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), Ci/Ca ratio, osmolytes, H2O2, ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics and RWC in safflower plants under water shortage. Thus, exogenous application of GB could be used as an effective strategy to improve plant growth, photosynthetic attributes and secondary metabolites in safflower plants under water deficit conditions.
Zanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10649 .
AMA StyleZanib Nazar, Nudrat Akram, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf, Shakeel Ahmed, Shafaqat Ali, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10649.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZanib Nazar; Nudrat Akram; Muhammad Saleem; Muhammad Ashraf; Shakeel Ahmed; Shafaqat Ali; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2020. "Glycinebetaine-Induced Alteration in Gaseous Exchange Capacity and Osmoprotective Phenomena in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Water Deficit Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10649.
Nitric oxide (NO) has a diverse role in plant metabolism under stressful cues. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectivity of exogenously applied (pre-sowing and foliar) NO to minimize the adversaries of salinity stress on broccoli plants. Experimental design was completely randomized along with four replicates. Two levels of nitric oxide, control (0 mM) and 0.02 mM were applied on broccoli plants subjected to salt stress (120 mM) and non-stress conditions. Data showed that salinity stress significantly reduced fresh or/and dry weights of roots and shoots, root length, chlorophyll (a and b) contents, while it significantly increased total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), glycine betaine, proline, ascorbic acid, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes. The external application of NO via both pre-treatment as well as foliar application improved chlorophyll a, total phenolics, glycine betaine, and activities of SOD, CAT and POD enzymes while it was more helpful in lowering levels of H2O2 and MDA, however, it remained ineffective for shoot length. Overall, both modes of NO were effective in improving plant growth, chlorophyll a, proline and glycine betaine contents under stress conditions. The results indicated that external use of NO is beneficial for minimizing the salinity adversaries in broccoli plants.
Nudrat Aisha Akram; Naima Hafeez; Muhammad Farid-Ul-Haq; Abrar Ahmad; Muhammad Sadiq; Muhammad Ashraf. Foliage application and seed priming with nitric oxide causes mitigation of salinity-induced metabolic adversaries in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2020, 42, 1 -9.
AMA StyleNudrat Aisha Akram, Naima Hafeez, Muhammad Farid-Ul-Haq, Abrar Ahmad, Muhammad Sadiq, Muhammad Ashraf. Foliage application and seed priming with nitric oxide causes mitigation of salinity-induced metabolic adversaries in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2020; 42 (10):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNudrat Aisha Akram; Naima Hafeez; Muhammad Farid-Ul-Haq; Abrar Ahmad; Muhammad Sadiq; Muhammad Ashraf. 2020. "Foliage application and seed priming with nitric oxide causes mitigation of salinity-induced metabolic adversaries in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 42, no. 10: 1-9.
The current study was carried out to assess the influence of trehalose, a non‐reducing disaccharide involved in improving plant stress tolerance, on two cultivars (Hysun 33 and FH 598) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown under control and drought stress conditions. At pre‐flowering stage, varying concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mM) of trehalose were applied to the foliage. Drought stress significantly suppressed the plant growth, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll, achene yield per plant, oil percentage, organic contents, as well as oil palmitic and linoleic acids in both sunflower cultivars. External application of trehalose significantly reduced RMP (relative membrane permeability), and the accumulation of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), while a considerable improvement was recorded in shoot fresh and shoot and root dry weights, total soluble proteins, glycinebetaine, AsA (ascorbic acid), total phenolics, achene yield per plant, oil contents, inorganic and organic contents, and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes under water‐limited regimes. The cultivar Hysun 33 was superior to the other cultivar in plant growth, RMP, glycinebetaine, proline, achene yield per plant, oil contents, and palmitic and linoleic acids. Overall, foliar‐applied trehalose improved plant growth, oxidative defense system, yield and oil composition of sunflower under drought stress conditions.
Firdos Kosar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Abrar Ahmad; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Impact of exogenously applied trehalose on leaf biochemistry, achene yield and oil composition of sunflower under drought stress. Physiologia Plantarum 2020, 172, 317 -333.
AMA StyleFirdos Kosar, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Ashraf, Abrar Ahmad, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Impact of exogenously applied trehalose on leaf biochemistry, achene yield and oil composition of sunflower under drought stress. Physiologia Plantarum. 2020; 172 (2):317-333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFirdos Kosar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Abrar Ahmad; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Impact of exogenously applied trehalose on leaf biochemistry, achene yield and oil composition of sunflower under drought stress." Physiologia Plantarum 172, no. 2: 317-333.
Plant biofibers are of great economic and commercial importance. Among various fiber producing crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), and jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) are of prime importance. Fibers harvested from these crops are of fine quality and have a significant commercial value worldwide. Owing to multiple structural and functional roles of these fibers within plants, the mechanical properties vary to a considerable extent. In the present review, insights into the history, geographical distribution, and production of these crops on saline soils is discussed. The salinity stress tolerance of the fiber crops can be improved via improvement in free radical scavenging, upregulation of antioxidants, potassium retention, enhanced osmolyte synthesis, and accumulation and better ion partitioning. Biotechnological approaches to increase tolerance and fiber quality under salt-affected areas include development of transgenic fiber crops for Na+ vacuolar sequestration and improvements in physio-biochemical attributes.
Nudrat Aisha Akram; Fahad Shafiq; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Iqbal; Parvaiz Ahmad. Advances in Salt Tolerance of Some Major Fiber Crops Through Classical and Advanced Biotechnological Tools: A Review. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2020, 40, 891 -905.
AMA StyleNudrat Aisha Akram, Fahad Shafiq, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Iqbal, Parvaiz Ahmad. Advances in Salt Tolerance of Some Major Fiber Crops Through Classical and Advanced Biotechnological Tools: A Review. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2020; 40 (3):891-905.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNudrat Aisha Akram; Fahad Shafiq; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Iqbal; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Advances in Salt Tolerance of Some Major Fiber Crops Through Classical and Advanced Biotechnological Tools: A Review." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 40, no. 3: 891-905.
Shazia Anwer Bukhari; Ghulam Mustafa; Shahzad Bashir; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Mahmood-Ur- Rahman; Bushra Sadia; M. N. Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Genetic transformation of Sr22 gene in a high yielding susceptible cultivar of commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 3 Biotech 2020, 10, 1 -9.
AMA StyleShazia Anwer Bukhari, Ghulam Mustafa, Shahzad Bashir, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Mahmood-Ur- Rahman, Bushra Sadia, M. N. Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Genetic transformation of Sr22 gene in a high yielding susceptible cultivar of commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 3 Biotech. 2020; 10 (5):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShazia Anwer Bukhari; Ghulam Mustafa; Shahzad Bashir; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Mahmood-Ur- Rahman; Bushra Sadia; M. N. Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Genetic transformation of Sr22 gene in a high yielding susceptible cultivar of commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." 3 Biotech 10, no. 5: 1-9.
Methionine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid and it plays a central role for several diverse purposes in the living organisms. This study was arranged to determine the effect of foliage application of 10 and 20 mg/L of L-methionine to analyze various physio-biochemical attributes and different anatomical features of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under control and drought stress conditions. Water deficit conditions (60 % field capacity) adversely reduced shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh weight, shoot length, leaf xylem area, leaf phloem area, petiole adaxial epidermis thickness, petiole xylem area, petiole phloem area, and petiole cortical cell area. While a considerable elevation was found in total phenolics, glycine betaine, leaf adaxial and abaxial epidermal thickness, leaf vascular bundle area, petiole adaxial epidermal cell area and petiole vascular bundle area. The foliar application of L-methionine increased the shoot and root fresh weights, shoot length, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, glycine betaine, leaf abaxial epidermal thickness, leaf adaxial epidermal cell area, leaf abaxial epidermal cell area, leaf vascular bundle area, leaf xylem area and leaf phloem area. The application of 10 mg/L L-methionine was found to be comparatively more effective for regulating the levels of hydrogen peroxide, leaf abaxial epidermal thickness, leaf abaxial epidermal cell area, leaf xylem area, petiole abaxial epidermal thickness, whereas 20 mg/L concentration was effective for improving shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, shoot and root lengths, chlorophyll a and glycine betaine contents. Overall, bitter gourd cultivar Ruyu-53 was relatively better in proline, total phenolics and petiole abaxial epidermis thickness, whereas cv. Ruyu-146 was better in accumulating ascorbic acid.
Nudrat Aisha Akram; Umm- E- Hani; Muneeba Ashraf; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Sadiq. Exogenous application of L-methionine mitigates the drought-induced oddities in biochemical and anatomical responses of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 267, 109333 .
AMA StyleNudrat Aisha Akram, Umm- E- Hani, Muneeba Ashraf, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Sadiq. Exogenous application of L-methionine mitigates the drought-induced oddities in biochemical and anatomical responses of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 267 ():109333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNudrat Aisha Akram; Umm- E- Hani; Muneeba Ashraf; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Sadiq. 2020. "Exogenous application of L-methionine mitigates the drought-induced oddities in biochemical and anatomical responses of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Scientia Horticulturae 267, no. : 109333.
The present study was conducted to examine the effect of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system in four cultivars (16171, 16183, 16207 and 16246) of safflower under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Water stress (60% field capacity) significantly decreased the shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths and chlorophyll contents in all four safflower cultivars, while it increased the leaf free proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, hydrogen peroxide content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Foliar-applied (100 mg L−1 and 150 mg L−1) ascorbic acid caused a marked improvement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, plant height, chlorophyll and AsA contents as well as the activity of peroxidase (POD) enzyme particularly under water deficit conditions. It also increased the accumulation of leaf proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins and glycine betaine (GB) content in all four cultivars. Exogenously applied AsA lowered the contents of MDA and H2O2, and the activities of CAT and SOD enzymes. Overall, exogenously applied AsA had a positive effect on the growth of safflower plants under water deficit conditions which could be related to AsA-induced enhanced osmoprotection and regulation of antioxidant defense system.
Ayesha Farooq; Shazia Anwer Bukhari; Nudrat A. Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Plants 2020, 9, 104 .
AMA StyleAyesha Farooq, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Nudrat A. Akram, Muhammad Ashraf, Leonard Wijaya, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (1):104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyesha Farooq; Shazia Anwer Bukhari; Nudrat A. Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Leonard Wijaya; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)." Plants 9, no. 1: 104.
In the current study, the effects of exogenously applied proline (25 and 50 mM) and low-temperature treatment were examined on the physiochemical parameters in the plants of two cultivars (V1 and V2) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The seeds were also exposed to chilling stress at 4 °C before sowing. Plants raised from the seeds treated with low temperature showed reduced plant growth and contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, but they had significantly increased contents of malondialdehyde, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, total soluble sugars, and total phenolics, as well as the activity of the peroxidase (POD) enzyme. Cold stress applied to seeds remained almost ineffective in terms of bringing about changes in plant root, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzymes. The exogenous application of proline significantly increased plant growth, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, phenolics, and total soluble sugars, as well as the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, but it decreased malondialdehyde content. Overall, foliar application of proline was better than the seed treatment in improving root dry weight, root length, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid and superoxide dismutase activity, whereas seed pre-treatment with proline was effective in improving shoot dry weight, shoot length, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and peroxidase activity in both quinoa cultivars.
Hira Yaqoob; Nudrat A. Akram; Samrah Iftikhar; Muhammad Ashraf; Noman Khalid; Muhammad Sadiq; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya; Parvaiz Ahmad. Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Plants 2019, 8, 588 .
AMA StyleHira Yaqoob, Nudrat A. Akram, Samrah Iftikhar, Muhammad Ashraf, Noman Khalid, Muhammad Sadiq, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Leonard Wijaya, Parvaiz Ahmad. Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Plants. 2019; 8 (12):588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHira Yaqoob; Nudrat A. Akram; Samrah Iftikhar; Muhammad Ashraf; Noman Khalid; Muhammad Sadiq; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Leonard Wijaya; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." Plants 8, no. 12: 588.
The current study was conducted to explore the potential for phytoremediation in different varieties of jute grown under toxic concentrations of copper (Cu). For this purpose, a Petri dish experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using four varieties of jute, i.e., HongTieGuXuan, C-3, GuBaChangaJia, and ShangHuoMa, grown in double filter paper under 50 µmol L−1 of artificially spiked copper (Cu) using CuSO4.H2O. The results of the present study revealed that jute varieties C-3 and HongTieGuXuan were able to survive under high concentrations of Cu without a significant decrease in plant height, plant fresh and dry weights, total chlorophyll content, or seed germination, while varieties GuBaChangaJia and ShangHuoMa exhibited a significant reduction in their growth and biomass. Furthermore, high concentrations of Cu in the medium resulted in lipid peroxidation. This could be due to the oxidative damage induced in the roots and leaves of the jute varieties, which might be a result of by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to Cu toxicity can be overcome by the increasing activity of antioxidants, and it was also noted that GuBaChangaJia and ShangHuoMa exhibited high Cu stress, while C-3 and HongTieGuXuan showed some resistance to Cu toxicity. Contrastingly, Cu accumulation and uptake was higher in C-3 and HongTieGuXuan, while a little Cu was accumulated in the roots and leaves of GuBaChangaJia and ShangHuoMa. On the basis of these findings, it can be suggested that C-3 and HongTieGuXuan have the potential to cope with Cu stress and can be considered Cu-resistant varieties, while GuBaChangaJia and ShangHuoMa are considered Cu-sensitive varieties. Moreover, C-3 and HongTieGuXuan have the potential to revoke large amounts of Cu, and can be cultivated as phytoremediation tools in Cu-contaminated soil.
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem; Shafaqat Ali; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Muhammad Rizwan; Muzammal Rehman; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Lijun Liu; Majed Alotaibi; Ibrahim Al-Ashkar; Muhammad Mubushar. Assessing the Correlations between Different Traits in Copper-Sensitive and Copper-Resistant Varieties of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Plants 2019, 8, 545 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Hamzah Saleem, Shafaqat Ali, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Muhammad Rizwan, Muzammal Rehman, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Lijun Liu, Majed Alotaibi, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Muhammad Mubushar. Assessing the Correlations between Different Traits in Copper-Sensitive and Copper-Resistant Varieties of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Plants. 2019; 8 (12):545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Hamzah Saleem; Shafaqat Ali; Mahmoud F. Seleiman; Muhammad Rizwan; Muzammal Rehman; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Lijun Liu; Majed Alotaibi; Ibrahim Al-Ashkar; Muhammad Mubushar. 2019. "Assessing the Correlations between Different Traits in Copper-Sensitive and Copper-Resistant Varieties of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)." Plants 8, no. 12: 545.
Oat (Avena sativa) plants grown under 60% field capacity (water-deficit stress) were subjected to proline (40 mM) applied as a foliage spray. Water-deficit conditions suppressed plant growth, chlorophyll contents, leaf vascular bundle area, leaf phloem area and leaf midrib thickness, root diameter, root cortex thickness, stem diameter, stem vascular bundle area and stem phloem area. In contrast, water stress caused an increase in leaf proline, hydrogen peroxide, activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, leaf bulliform cell area, leaf adaxial epidermis thickness, leaf sclerenchyma thickness, root metaxylem area, root epidermis and endodermis area, root stelar diameter, stem sclerenchyma thickness and stem epidermis thickness. However, exogenous application of proline significantly improved the plant growth, leaf proline contents, metaxylem area, mesophyll thickness, root diameter, root cortex thickness, root epidermis, endodermis thickness, stelar diameter, metaxylem area, stem diameter, stem vascular bundle area, stem epidermis area, stem phloem area and stem sclerenchyma thickness. Overall, foliar spray of proline was effective in improving drought stress tolerance which can be attributed to proline-induced significant modulations in physio-biochemical and anatomical features of oat plants.
Rehmana Ghafoor; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Rashid; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Iqbal; Zhang Lixin. Exogenously applied proline induced changes in key anatomical features and physio-biochemical attributes in water stressed oat (Avena sativa L.) plants. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2019, 25, 1121 -1135.
AMA StyleRehmana Ghafoor, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Iqbal, Zhang Lixin. Exogenously applied proline induced changes in key anatomical features and physio-biochemical attributes in water stressed oat (Avena sativa L.) plants. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2019; 25 (5):1121-1135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRehmana Ghafoor; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Rashid; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Iqbal; Zhang Lixin. 2019. "Exogenously applied proline induced changes in key anatomical features and physio-biochemical attributes in water stressed oat (Avena sativa L.) plants." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 25, no. 5: 1121-1135.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible gaseous molecule and has been under wide consideration because of its ability to mitigate adverse effects of several abiotic stresses on plants. In the current study, it was determined whether or not exogenous application (presowing seed treatment and foliar application) of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), donor of nitric oxide (NO), could alleviate the drastic effects of drought stress on broccoli plants. The broccoli seeds were soaked in 0.02 mM NO solution or distilled water for pre-sowing and control treatments, respectively. Two levels of water stress (control, 100% field capacity (FC) and 60% FC) were applied to 4 week-old broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants. Foliar treatment of NO (0.02 mM) was applied to broccoli plants after 3 weeks of initiation of drought stress. After 12 days of foliar application, leaf samples were collected to determine photosynthetic and antioxidant activities as well as other biochemical parameters. The results showed that water deficit conditions decreased the shoot fresh and dry weights and shoot length, glycine betaine, and chlorophyll contents, while it enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA), hydrogen peroxide and activities of CAT and SOD enzymes. However, exogenously applied NO as a presowing seed treatment or foliar spray enhanced the fresh and dry biomass of shoot, shoot length, chlorophyll contents, GB, total phenolics, total soluble proteins and activities of SOD and POD enzymes in broccoli plants under water deficiency. It was also observed that foliar application of NO was more effective in enhancing the drought tolerance in broccoli plants as compared to pre-sowing application of NO. Therefore, foliar as well as pre-sowing application of NO could be helpful in up-regulating the oxidative defense system of broccoli plants under water deficit conditions.
Aneeqa Munawar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Abrar Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf. Nitric oxide regulates oxidative defense system, key metabolites and growth of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants under water limited conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 254, 7 -13.
AMA StyleAneeqa Munawar, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Abrar Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf. Nitric oxide regulates oxidative defense system, key metabolites and growth of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants under water limited conditions. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 254 ():7-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAneeqa Munawar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Abrar Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf. 2019. "Nitric oxide regulates oxidative defense system, key metabolites and growth of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants under water limited conditions." Scientia Horticulturae 254, no. : 7-13.
Although exogenous application of glycinebetaine (GB) is widely reported to regulate a myriad of physio-biochemical attributes in plants under stressful environments including drought stress, there is little information available in the literature on how and up to what extent GB can induce changes in anatomical features in water starved plants. Thus, the present research work was conducted to assess the GB-induced changes in growth, physio-biochemical, and anatomical characteristics in two cultivars (CK-1 and F-411) of oat (Avena sativa L.) under limited water supply. After exposure to water stress, a considerable reduction was observed in plant growth in terms of lengths and weights of shoot and roots, leaf mesophyll thickness, leaf midrib thickness, root cortex thickness, root diameter, stem diameter, stem phloem area, and stem vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. However, water stress resulted in a significant increase in leaf total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AsA), GB contents, activities of enzymes (CAT, SOD and POD), total soluble proteins, leaf epidermis (abaxial and adaxial) thickness, bulliform cell area, sclerenchyma thickness, root endodermis and epidermis thickness, root metaxylem area, stem metaxylem area and stem sclerenchyma thickness in both oat cultivars. Foliar-applied 100 mM GB suppressed H2O2 contents, while improved growth attributes, free proline and GB contents, activity of SOD enzyme, leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf bulliform cell area, leaf midrib thickness, leaf sclerenchyma thickness, root cortex thickness, root endodermis, epidermis thickness, root stele diameter, stem diameter, stem epidermis thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem phloem and vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. For both oat cultivars, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf mesophyll, leaf sclerenchyma, root metaxylem area, stem diameter, stem epidermis, sclerenchyma thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem vascular bundle area. Overall, both oat cultivars showed inconsistent behavior to water stress and foliar-applied GB in terms of different physio-biochemical attributes, however, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in a number of anatomical features of leaf, root, and stem.
Anum Shehzadi; Nudrat A. Akram; Ayaz Ali; Muhammad Ashraf. Exogenously applied glycinebetaine induced alteration in some key physio-biochemical attributes and plant anatomical features in water stressed oat (Avena sativa L.) plants. Journal of Arid Land 2019, 11, 292 -305.
AMA StyleAnum Shehzadi, Nudrat A. Akram, Ayaz Ali, Muhammad Ashraf. Exogenously applied glycinebetaine induced alteration in some key physio-biochemical attributes and plant anatomical features in water stressed oat (Avena sativa L.) plants. Journal of Arid Land. 2019; 11 (2):292-305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnum Shehzadi; Nudrat A. Akram; Ayaz Ali; Muhammad Ashraf. 2019. "Exogenously applied glycinebetaine induced alteration in some key physio-biochemical attributes and plant anatomical features in water stressed oat (Avena sativa L.) plants." Journal of Arid Land 11, no. 2: 292-305.
Alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) is a member of the vitamin E family and is lipid soluble. Its biosynthesis is by the reaction of isopentyl diphosphate and homogentisic acid in plastid membranes. The putative biochemical activities of tocopherols are linked with the formation of tocopherol quinone species, which subsequently undergo degradation and recycling within cells/tissues. α-Toc plays a key role in a variety of plant metabolic processes throughout the ontogeny of plants. It can maintain the integrity and fluidity of photosynthesizing membranes. It can also neutralize lipid peroxy radicals, consequently blocking lipid peroxidation by quenching oxidative cations. It preserves membrane integrity by retaining membranous structural components under environmental constraints such as water deficiency, high salt content, toxic metals, high/low temperatures, and radiations. α-Toc also induces cellular signalling pathways within biological membranes. Its biosynthesis varies during growth and developmental stages as well as under different environmental conditions. The current review primarily focuses on how α-Toc can regulate various metabolic processes involved in promoting plant growth and development under stress and non-stress and how it can effectively counteract the stress-induced high accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, exogenous application of α-Toc has been widely reported as a potential means of promoting resistance in plants to a variety of stressful environments.
Muhammad Sadiq; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Fahad Al-Qurainy; Parvaiz Ahmad. Alpha-Tocopherol-Induced Regulation of Growth and Metabolism in Plants Under Non-stress and Stress Conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2019, 38, 1325 -1340.
AMA StyleMuhammad Sadiq, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Ashraf, Fahad Al-Qurainy, Parvaiz Ahmad. Alpha-Tocopherol-Induced Regulation of Growth and Metabolism in Plants Under Non-stress and Stress Conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2019; 38 (4):1325-1340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Sadiq; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Fahad Al-Qurainy; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2019. "Alpha-Tocopherol-Induced Regulation of Growth and Metabolism in Plants Under Non-stress and Stress Conditions." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 38, no. 4: 1325-1340.
Muhammad Adeel Ghafar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Sadiq. Thiamin-induced variations in oxidative defense processes in white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) under water deficit stress. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019, 43, 58 -66.
AMA StyleMuhammad Adeel Ghafar, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Sadiq. Thiamin-induced variations in oxidative defense processes in white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) under water deficit stress. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 2019; 43 (1):58-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Adeel Ghafar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf; Muhammad Sadiq. 2019. "Thiamin-induced variations in oxidative defense processes in white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) under water deficit stress." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY 43, no. 1: 58-66.
Two independent experiments were performed to assess the role of thiourea (TU)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) in mitigating boron toxicity (BT) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pandas) and durum wheat (Triticum durum cv. Altıntoprak 98) plants. In the first experiment, plants of the two wheat species were grown under control (0.05 mM B) and BT (0.2 mM B) supplied to nutrient solution for 4 weeks after germination. These two treatments were also combined with TU spray at 200 or 400 mg L−1 once a week during the period of stress. Boron toxicity reduced dry weights of shoot and root, leaf total chlorophyll, efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and leaf relative water content, whereas it increased endogenous nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and leaf B content. Reductions in total dry matter were 33% and 61% of control in cvs. Pandas and Altintoprak, respectively. Exogenous application of TU improved the plant growth attributes and led to further increases in NO in the leaves. An additional experiment was set up to further understand whether or not TU mediated NO production played a significant role in mitigation of BT using 0.1 mM scavenger of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) combined with the TU treatments by spraying once a week for 4 weeks. TU-induced BT tolerance was totally eliminated by cPTIO by reversing endogenous NO levels. BT enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7) and lipoxygenase (LOX; EC. 1.12.11.12) as well as the contents of soluble sugars (SS), soluble proteins and phenols, but decreased NR. TU treatments enhanced enzyme activities, but reduced contents of soluble sugars (SS), soluble protein and phenols. The present results clearly indicate that TU mediated endogenous NO significantly improved BT tolerance of wheat plants. This evidence was also supported by the increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as plant growth inhibition with the application of TU combined with cPTIO.
Cengiz Kaya; Ali Sarioğlu; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf. Thiourea-mediated Nitric Oxide Production Enhances Tolerance to Boron Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2019, 38, 1094 -1109.
AMA StyleCengiz Kaya, Ali Sarioğlu, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Ashraf. Thiourea-mediated Nitric Oxide Production Enhances Tolerance to Boron Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2019; 38 (3):1094-1109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCengiz Kaya; Ali Sarioğlu; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Ashraf. 2019. "Thiourea-mediated Nitric Oxide Production Enhances Tolerance to Boron Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Plants." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 38, no. 3: 1094-1109.
Trehalose is a natural non-reducing sugar that is found in the vast majority of organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, invertebrates and even in plants. Regarding its features, it is considered as a unique compound. It plays a key role as a carbon source in lower organisms and as an osmoprotectant or a stabilizing molecule in higher animals and plants. Although in plants it is present in a minor quantity, its levels rise upon exposure to abiotic stresses. Trehalose is believed to play a protective role against different abiotic stressful cues such as temperature extremes, salinity, desiccation. Moreover, it regulates water use efficiency and stomatal movement in most plants. Detectable endogenous trehalose levels are vital for sustaining growth under stressful cues. Exogenously applied trehalose in low amounts mitigates physiological and biochemical disorders induced by various abiotic stresses, delays leaf abscission and stimulates flowering in crops. External application of trehalose also up-regulates the stress responsive genes in plants exposed to environmental cues. The genetically modified plants with trehalose biosynthesis genes exhibit improved tolerance against stressful conditions. An increased level of trehalose has been observed in transgenic plants over-expressing genes of microbial trehalose biosynthesis. However, these transgenic plants display enhanced tolerance to heat, cold, salinity, and drought tolerance. Due to multiple bio-functions of this sugar, it has gained considerable ground in various fields. However, exogenous use of this bio-safe sugar would only be possible under field conditions upon adopting strategies of low-cost production of trehalose. In short, trehalose is a unique chemical that preserves vitality of plant life under harsh ecological conditions. Certainly, the new findings of this disaccharide will revolutionize a wide array of new avenues.
Firdos Kosar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Sadiq; Fahad Al-Qurainy; Muhammad Ashraf. Trehalose: A Key Organic Osmolyte Effectively Involved in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2018, 38, 606 -618.
AMA StyleFirdos Kosar, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Muhammad Sadiq, Fahad Al-Qurainy, Muhammad Ashraf. Trehalose: A Key Organic Osmolyte Effectively Involved in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2018; 38 (2):606-618.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFirdos Kosar; Nudrat Aisha Akram; Muhammad Sadiq; Fahad Al-Qurainy; Muhammad Ashraf. 2018. "Trehalose: A Key Organic Osmolyte Effectively Involved in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 38, no. 2: 606-618.
Peanut is a multipurpose oil‐seed legume, which offer benefits in many ways. Apart from the peanut plant's beneficial effects on soil quality, peanut seeds are nutritious and medicinally and economically important. In this review, insights into peanut origin and its domestication are provided. Peanut is rich in bioactive components, including phenolics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and resveratrol. In addition, the involvement of peanut in biological nitrogen fixation is highly significant. Recent reports regarding peanut responses and N2 fixation ability in response to abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat stress, and iron deficiency on calcareous soils, have been incorporated. As a biotechnological note, recent advances in the development of transgenic peanut plants are also highlighted. In this context, regulation of transcriptional factors and gene transfer for the development of stress‐tolerant peanut genotypes are of prime importance. Above all, this review signifies the importance of peanut cultivation and human consumption in view of the scenario of changing world climate in order to maintain food security.
Nudrat Aisha Akram; Fahad Shafiq; Muhammad Ashraf. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Prospective Legume Crop to Offer Multiple Health Benefits Under Changing Climate. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2018, 17, 1325 -1338.
AMA StyleNudrat Aisha Akram, Fahad Shafiq, Muhammad Ashraf. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Prospective Legume Crop to Offer Multiple Health Benefits Under Changing Climate. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2018; 17 (5):1325-1338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNudrat Aisha Akram; Fahad Shafiq; Muhammad Ashraf. 2018. "Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Prospective Legume Crop to Offer Multiple Health Benefits Under Changing Climate." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 17, no. 5: 1325-1338.