The phytochemical compositions of green coffee beans (GB), roasted coffee (RC), and the solid residue known as spent coffee grounds (SCG) have been associated with beneficial physiological effects. The objective of this study was to analyze the total phenolic compounds, antiradical scavenging ability, antibacterial activity, and antiproliferative activity on cancer cells of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of GB, RC, and SCG samples. The total phenolic content was quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, while the antiradical activity was evaluated by ABTS^●+ and DPPH radical assays, antibacterial activity was determined using the microtiter broth dilution method, and antiproliferative activity was evaluated by MTT assay in lung carcinoma cells (A549) and cervical cancer cells (C33A); furthermore, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were evaluated by flow cytometry. Ethanolic extracts of RC and SCG showed the highest content of total phenols. The SCG ethanolic extract exhibited the lowest inhibitory capacity 50 (IC₅₀) values for free radicals. The SCG extracts also had the lowest MIC values in bacteria. In antiproliferative assays, SCG extracts exhibited a significant decrease in viability in both cell lines, as well as increased apoptotic cells and promoted cell cycle arrest. The higher content of total phenols and antiradical activity of SCG ethanolic extracts was related to their antiproliferative activity in cancer cells, as well as their antibacterial activity against clinical isolates; therefore, the utilization of SCG adds value to an abundant and inexpensive residue.

A circular economy (CE) promotes the reuse, reincorporation and valuation of waste and by-products under the framework of sustainable development through models and indicators that evaluate scenarios of second use and reduction in non-incorporated outputs to reduce negative externalities and pressures on the dimensions of development. A CE model applied to the transformation process of RFF in agro-industries is developed, which consists in the identification of the residue coefficients of EFB (22.48% ± 0.8), fiber (15.58% ± 0.49), husk (6.03% ± 0.66) and ash (0.55% ± 1.67). Subsequently, the valuation trends of potential second use were verified through a systematic review, which allowed the construction of the scenario of avoided costs of USD 678,721.5, a product of the total use of the outputs under bioenergy and nutrient source approaches. Finally, the RRSFM indicator was constructed, which can reach the level of 72% and a degree of improvement of 26% by 2026. In parallel, the HCRRS indicator revealed a reduction of 57.1%, 59.6% and 82.8% in emissions of t CO_2-eq product in the comparison of scenarios for the use of residues and by-products of palm oil from agro-industries in the Casanare Department.

En este estudio se evaluaron las características fisicoquímicas y organolépticas de café producido en el municipio José Joaquín Herrera, Guerrero para incrementar su valor agregado y de comercialización. El café (Coffea arabica L. variedad Caturra) se procesó mediante cuatro métodos de beneficiado: tradicional, enmielado natural, fermentación controlada y lavado natural. Se midió el color, la dureza, la humedad, la actividad de agua, el contenido de ocratoxina A y la presencia de defectos en los granos de café verde. Además, se evaluaron 10 atributos organolépticos siguiendo el protocolo de la Speciality Coffee Association of America. Las muestras fueron similares en L* (41.98-46.23) y Hº (87.21-88.71), indicando una coloración amarilla semioscura de los granos. La dureza fue mayor en los granos de café enmielado (102.81N) y menor en café tradicional (87.85N). Se obtuvieron valores similares de aw (0.48-0.51), con independencia del método de beneficio y un porcentaje de humedad entre 8.65-9.71. Los cafés presentaron puntuaciones de calidad sensorial ≥80. El café obtenido por fermentación controlada se clasificó como café de especialidad porque mostró la mejor calidad en taza (84) y ausencia de defectos primarios en grano. Las muestras de café presentaron concentraciones de OTA entre 1.3 y 1.61 μg kg-1, que se encuentran dentro del rango establecido para su comercialización. El beneficio de los granos por métodos alternativos al tradicional permitió obtener café con mejores atributos fisicoquímicos y sensoriales, aumentando su calidad final en taza y demostrando ser una alternativa viable para la generación de cafés con valor agregado.

This work aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of Ceiba aesculifolia subsp. parvifolia (CAP) tuber and determinate rheological, thermal, physicochemical and morphological properties of the starch extracted. The CAP tuber weight was 3.66 kg; the edible yield was 82.20%. The tuber presented a high hardness value (249 N). The content of carbohydrates (68.27%), crude fiber (15.61%) and ash (9.27%) from the isolated starch, reported in dry weight, were high. Phenolic compounds and flavonoid content of CAP tuber peel were almost 3-fold higher concerning the pulp. CAP tuber starch exhibited a pseudoplastic behavior and low viscosity at concentrations of 5–15%. Purity percentage and color parameters describe the isolated starch as high purity. Thermal characteristics indicated a higher degree of intermolecular association within the granule. Pasting properties describes starch with greater resistance to heat and shear. CAP tuber starch has X-ray diffraction patterns type A. The starch granules were observed as oval and diameters ranging from 5 to 30 µm. CAP tuber could be a good source of fiber and minerals, while its peel could be used for extracting bioactive compounds. Additionally, the starch separated from this tuber could be employed as a thickening agent in food systems requiring a low viscosity and subjected to high temperatures.

Physics concepts are considered an essential component of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education and fundamental for economic and technological development in the world. However, there can be student academic underperformance, such as the school environment, learning media and infrastructure, student interest and emotions, as well as social and economic development factors in communities. These problems are even more acute in rural areas of developing countries, where poverty is high and teachers often lack the necessary technological skills. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a low-cost STEM tool focused on motivation in learning, in terms of five variables of interest in physics in rural areas, as well as the durability of the tools used to learn 12 physics concepts. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with the participation of 78 high school students, with an average age of 15.82 years, in a rural area of Guerrero, Mexico. The results showed that using the STEM tool significantly increased students’ interest in learning methodology, active participation, and attitude towards physics, facilitating the teacher’s work. In addition, the 3D construction kit used in the experimentation, besides being low-cost, proved to be affordable and durable, making it ideal for use in rural areas.

El mango (Mangifera indica L.) es una fruta tropical que destaca por su particular sabor y aroma, tiene amplia aceptación y una creciente demanda en los mercados internacionales. Dado que las propiedades y composición varían con la región de cultivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las características físicas, químicas y actividad atrapadora de radicales libres de cuatro variedades de mango producidas en el estado de Guerrero. Se cosecharon frutos sanos en madurez fisiológica y de consumo de las variedades de mango Ataulfo, Manila, Irwin y Criollo. Las variedades sobresalientes en atributos de calidad física fueron: Ataulfo en biomasa (387.8 g); Irwin en firmeza (37.3 kg cm-2); Ataulfo Manila y Criollo en color externo (matiz > 40 ºh). La mayor acidez titulable total fue para Ataulfo (0.3 %); pH para Manila, Criollo e Irwin (3.5 a 3.9). No se presentaron diferencias significativas entre variedades en el contenido de sólidos solubles totales (8.5 a 11.3 ºBrix), humedad (60 a 82 %) y cenizas (0.4 a 0.5 %). El mayor contenido de azúcares totales se presentó en la variedad Irwin (31 %) y de vitamina C en Manila y Criollo (34 a 48 mg g-1). El mayor contenido de polifenoles (527.59 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/100 g) y flavonoides (438.69 mg equivalentes de catequina/100 g) fue para Ataulfo en frutos en madurez fisiológica y la mayor actividad atrapadora de radicales libres para extractos metanólicos de las variedades Ataulfo y Criollo. Se concluye que las variedades Ataulfo, Manila, Criollo e Irwin satisfacen los requerimientos de la Norma NMX-FF-058-SCFI-2006 de calidad de mango fresco para comercio nacional y que la variedad Ataulfo cumple con la categoría extra grande de la NOM-188-SCFI-2012. La gran actividad atrapadora de radicales libres de las variedades Manila, Irwin y Criollo les confieren valor a sus frutos como alimentos funcionales.