Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are among the most common disorders in any work sector and industry. Ergonomic risk assessment can reduce the risk of WMSDs. Motion capture that can provide accurate and real-time quantitative data has been widely used as a tool for ergonomic risk assessment. However, most ergonomic risk assessments that use motion capture still depend on the traditional ergonomic risk assessment method, focusing on qualitative data. Therefore, this article aims to provide a view on the ergonomic risk assessment and apply current motion capture technology to understand classical mechanics of physics that include velocity, acceleration, force, and momentum in ergonomic risk assessment. This review suggests that using motion capture technologies with kinetic and kinematic variables, such as velocity, acceleration, and force, can help avoid inconsistency and develop more reliable results in ergonomic risk assessment. Most studies related to the physical measurement conducted with motion capture prefer to use non-optical motion capture because it is a low-cost system and simple experimental setup. However, the present review reveals that optical motion capture can provide more accurate data.

Lower back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder that is commonly reported among warehouse workers due to the nature of the work environment and manual handling activities. The objective of this study was to assess the ergonomic risks among warehouse workers carrying out high shelf (HS) and low shelf (LS) binning processes. A questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, while a marker-based motion capture (MoCap) system worksheet was used to record the participants’ motion and determine the action risk level. A total of 33% of the participants reported lower back pain in the past seven days, based on the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) results. Analysis of the body velocities showed that the HS binning process had four major velocity peaks, defined as the initial, lowering, lifting, and final phases. In comparison, the LS binning process had two major peaks defined, the crouching and rising phases. There were significant differences between the mean velocities of the workers for the HS binning process, indicating that the workers have different movement patterns with varying velocities.

Back injury is a common musculoskeletal injury reported among firefighters (FFs) due to their nature of work and personal protective equipment (PPE). The nature of the work associated with heavy lifting tasks increases FFs’ risk of back injury. This study aimed to assess the biomechanics movement of FFs on personal protective equipment during a lifting task. A set of questionnaires was used to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain experienced by FFs. Inertial measurement unit (IMU) motion capture was used in this study to record the body angle deviation and angular acceleration of FFs’ thorax extension. The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the FFs’ age and body mass index with the FFs’ thorax movement during the lifting task with PPE and without PPE. Sixty-three percent of FFs reported lower back pain during work, based on the musculoskeletal pain questionnaire. The biomechanics analysis of thorax angle deviation and angular acceleration has shown that using FFs PPE significantly causes restricted movement and limited mobility for the FFs. As regards human factors, the FFs’ age influences the angle deviation while wearing PPE and FFs’ BMI influences the angular acceleration without wearing PPE during the lifting activity.

Senaman Tua (Malay’s Ancient Exercise) is a therapeutic exercise from Malay culture. This exercise is blend well aesthetically with Malay culture and Islam which give holistic positive effects on the spiritual side of being able to provide, maintain inner peace, patience in the individual and also able to understand their own inner selves. According to the founder, the essence of the holistic positive effect is from the unseen pattern that embedded in the movement. The aim of this study is to visualize the micro-line the embedded in Senaman Tua (Malay’s Ancient Exercise) movement by using Motion Capture Technology. With the permission of Senaman Tua’s founder, Selangkah Guru (A Guru’s movements) is a dynamic exercise movement of Senaman Tua for beginner will be captured by using Motion Capture Technology. There are 33 markers of human anatomy have been captured by using Motion Capture Technology in 1 minute 08 second. The finding show there are presence of alphabetic pattern that generated from the “Selangkah Guru” (A Guru’s Movements). It can be concluded that visual pattern of “Lam Alif” alphabet clearly shows in the mapping of Motion Capture Technology.

Long waiting times in healthcare settings are correlated with increased patient anxiety and dissatisfaction. Prolonged wait time averaging is 40 minutes in primary care clinics. Despite improvements in healthcare design, the necessary furnishings to provide a relaxing and healing environment are still lacking in many waiting areas. This issue is addressed gap in this study through an exploration of the potential of interactive media, guided by Lev Manovich’s principles of new media, to transform waiting areas into spaces of relaxation and to enhance well-being and contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being). A novel framework is developed for the designing of interactive media installations that incorporate visual nature, natural sounds, and interactivity to enhance patient experiences and promote well-being by applying Lev Manovich’s new media principles of modularity, variability, automation, and transcoding to interactive media installations. A triangulated qualitative methodology is employed, wherein contextual relevance is explored through semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals (n=3), professional experts in new media (n=5), and patients (n=30), supplemented by document analysis of existing waiting area designs. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating natural elements and interactivity into media designs to create personalized, engaging patient experiences. The transformative potential of interactive media is highlighted in reducing stress, improving patient satisfaction, and fostering therapeutic environments aligning with SDG 3’s objective of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages. Manovich’s principles are extended into healthcare design, bridging theory and practice, and a roadmap is offered for implementing innovative media designs in healthcare facilities. It is recommended that future research empirically test the framework, evaluate its long-term impacts, and explore scalability across diverse healthcare settings.

Novice comic artists often struggle to design distinctive and memorable characters, frequently relying on intuition, which can lead to repetitive archetypes. This research examines how principles historically associated with physiognomy can be systematically applied to link specific facial features (e.g., eye shape, jawline) with desired perceived personality traits (e.g., conveying an impression of a perfectionist or a brave individual), thereby providing a solution to this design challenge. While early artists like Töpffer intuitively manipulated facial features to craft character expressions, a modern, systematic approach has been lacking. This study proposes a structured workflow that leverages an understanding of how facial cues influence first impressions. When inferring personality traits from facial features, observers often show consensus rather than asserting definitive links between features and actual traits. This workflow visualises these feature-impression relationships by utilising Visual Generative AI. This method provides initial visual references, simplifying the translation of abstract trait perceptions into concrete visual forms that artists can refine according to their styles. This model aims to enhance character distinctiveness and expressiveness by employing a qualitative approach that integrates literature on first impressions, identifies commonly perceived physiognomic cues, and utilises AI-assisted visualisation techniques. The main contribution is a standardised, practical guideline that empowers novice artists by strategically using facial features as visual cues to effectively shape initial audience perceptions of a character's personality, grounded in the psychology of first impressions rather than outdated physiognomic determinism.