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Sofia Solorzano
Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Evolución, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico

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Journal article
Published: 02 June 2021 in Diversity
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The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) faces a number of serious conservation threats. The use of genetic markers and assignment tests may help to identify the geographic origin of captive individuals and improve conservation and management programs. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible geographic origin of a captive individual using genetic markers. We used a reference database of genotypes of 86 individuals previously shown to belong to two different genetic groups to determine the genetic assignment of the captive individual of unknown origin (captive specimen) and five individuals of known geographic origin (as positive controls). We evaluated the accuracy of three assignment/exclusion criteria to determine the success of correct assignment of the individual of unknown origin and the five positive control individuals. WICHLOCI estimated that eight loci were required to achieve an assignment success of 83%. The correct geographic origin of positive controls was identified with 83% confidence. All of the analyses assigned the captive individual to the genetic group from the Sierra Madre Oriental. Bayesian assignment tests, tests for genetic distance and allele frequency tests assigned the unknown individual to the locations from the Sierra Madre Oriental with a probability of 71.2–82.4%. We show that the use of genetic markers provides a promising tool for determining the origin of pets and individuals seized from the illegal animal trade to better inform decisions on reintroduction and improve conservation programs.

ACS Style

Francisco Rivera-Ortíz; Jessica Juan-Espinosa; Sofía Solórzano; Ana Contreras-González; María Arizmendi. Genetic Assignment Tests to Identify the Probable Geographic Origin of a Captive Specimen of Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico: Implications for Conservation. Diversity 2021, 13, 245 .

AMA Style

Francisco Rivera-Ortíz, Jessica Juan-Espinosa, Sofía Solórzano, Ana Contreras-González, María Arizmendi. Genetic Assignment Tests to Identify the Probable Geographic Origin of a Captive Specimen of Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico: Implications for Conservation. Diversity. 2021; 13 (6):245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Rivera-Ortíz; Jessica Juan-Espinosa; Sofía Solórzano; Ana Contreras-González; María Arizmendi. 2021. "Genetic Assignment Tests to Identify the Probable Geographic Origin of a Captive Specimen of Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico: Implications for Conservation." Diversity 13, no. 6: 245.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Genes
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In plants, partial DNA sequences of chloroplasts have been widely used in evolutionary studies. However, the Cactaceae family (1500–1800 species) lacks molecular markers that allow a phylogenetic resolution between species and genera. In order to identify sequences with high variation levels, we compared previously reported complete chloroplast genomes of seven species of Mammillaria. We identified repeated sequences (RSs) and two types of DNA variation: short sequence repeats (SSRs) and divergent homologous loci. The species with the highest number of RSs was M. solisioides (256), whereas M. pectinifera contained the highest amount of SSRs (84). In contrast, M. zephyranthoides contained the lowest number (35) of both RSs and SSRs. In addition, five of the SSRs were found in the seven species, but only three of them showed variation. A total of 180 homologous loci were identified among the seven species. Out of these, 20 loci showed a molecular variation of 5% to 31%, and 12 had a length within the range of 150 to 1000 bp. We conclude that the high levels of variation at the reported loci represent valuable knowledge that may help to resolve phylogenetic relationships and that may potentially be convenient as molecular markers for population genetics and phylogeographic studies.

ACS Style

Delil A. Chincoya; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores; Karel Estrada; Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez; Antonio González-Rodríguez; Felipe Vaca-Paniagua; Patricia Dávila; Salvador Arias; Sofía Solórzano. Identification of High Molecular Variation Loci in Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Mammillaria (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales). Genes 2020, 11, 830 .

AMA Style

Delil A. Chincoya, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Karel Estrada, Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Felipe Vaca-Paniagua, Patricia Dávila, Salvador Arias, Sofía Solórzano. Identification of High Molecular Variation Loci in Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Mammillaria (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales). Genes. 2020; 11 (7):830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Delil A. Chincoya; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores; Karel Estrada; Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez; Antonio González-Rodríguez; Felipe Vaca-Paniagua; Patricia Dávila; Salvador Arias; Sofía Solórzano. 2020. "Identification of High Molecular Variation Loci in Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Mammillaria (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales)." Genes 11, no. 7: 830.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Plants
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The complete sequence of chloroplast genome (cpDNA) has been documented for single large columnar species of Cactaceae, lacking inverted repeats (IRs). We sequenced cpDNA for seven species of the short-globose cacti of Mammillaria and de novo assembly revealed three novel structures in land plants. These structures have a large single copy (LSC) that is 2.5 to 10 times larger than the small single copy (SSC), and two IRs that contain strong differences in length and gene composition. Structure 1 is distinguished by short IRs of

ACS Style

Sofía Solórzano; Delil A. Chincoya; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores; Karel Estrada; Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez; Antonio González-Rodríguez; Felipe Vaca-Paniagua; Patricia Dávila; Salvador Arias; Sanchez- Flores; Díaz- Velásquez; González- Rodríguez; Vaca- Paniagua. De Novo Assembly Discovered Novel Structures in Genome of Plastids and Revealed Divergent Inverted Repeats in Mammillaria (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales). Plants 2019, 8, 392 .

AMA Style

Sofía Solórzano, Delil A. Chincoya, Alejandro Sanchez-Flores, Karel Estrada, Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Felipe Vaca-Paniagua, Patricia Dávila, Salvador Arias, Sanchez- Flores, Díaz- Velásquez, González- Rodríguez, Vaca- Paniagua. De Novo Assembly Discovered Novel Structures in Genome of Plastids and Revealed Divergent Inverted Repeats in Mammillaria (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales). Plants. 2019; 8 (10):392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofía Solórzano; Delil A. Chincoya; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores; Karel Estrada; Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez; Antonio González-Rodríguez; Felipe Vaca-Paniagua; Patricia Dávila; Salvador Arias; Sanchez- Flores; Díaz- Velásquez; González- Rodríguez; Vaca- Paniagua. 2019. "De Novo Assembly Discovered Novel Structures in Genome of Plastids and Revealed Divergent Inverted Repeats in Mammillaria (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales)." Plants 8, no. 10: 392.

Journal article
Published: 19 December 2016 in Diversity
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The endemic plant species with extremely narrow geographical range (<100 km2) often have few populations of small size and tend to be more vulnerable to extinction by genetic drift and inbreeding effects. For these species, we tested if intraspecific genetic diversity can be applied to identify conservation priorities. The biological model was Mammillaria albiflora—a Mexican cactus that numbers ~1000 individuals distributed in four nearby patches covering 4.3 km2. A total of 96 individuals were genotyped with 10 microsatellite loci to describe the genetic substructure and diversity. There is significant population substructure: the genetic diversity is distributed in three genetic neighbors and varies among the patches, the genotypes are not randomly distributed and three genetic barriers restrict the gene flow. The current population size is 15 times smaller than in the past. The restricted gene flow and genetic drift are the processes that have shaped population substructure. To conserve the genetic diversity of this cactus we recommend that two patches, which are not private property, be legally protected; to include M. albiflora in the Red List Species of Mexico in the category of extinction risk; and a legal propagation program may help to diminish the illegal harvesting.

ACS Style

Sofia Solórzano; Salvador Arias; Patricia Dávila. Genetics and Conservation of Plant Species of Extremely Narrow Geographic Range. Diversity 2016, 8, 31 .

AMA Style

Sofia Solórzano, Salvador Arias, Patricia Dávila. Genetics and Conservation of Plant Species of Extremely Narrow Geographic Range. Diversity. 2016; 8 (4):31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solórzano; Salvador Arias; Patricia Dávila. 2016. "Genetics and Conservation of Plant Species of Extremely Narrow Geographic Range." Diversity 8, no. 4: 31.

Research article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Tropical Conservation Science
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The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is a globally threatened species with a fragmented distribution, and assessing the genetics of populations could help identify conservation units. Nine microsatellites were used to analyze 86 samples in seven localities along the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre del Sur, and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. Results showed that the Military Macaw has moderate levels of genetic diversity, similar to that found in other macaw species in Latin America. This species shows a high genetic structure; we find a genetic break between localities separated by the Central Plateau and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, which serve as geographic barriers. However, the locations within each genetic group are not genetically differentiated. It was observed that three locations of the Military Macaw have excess homozygotes, which could indicate a small effective size of the population and in combination with genetic isolation could increase the risk of extinction of the species. We propose two genetic groups for the species, the first comprising localities in the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre del Sur, and the second comprising localities of the Sierra Madre Oriental. According to the genetic differentiation, which was significant between the physiographic regions, and the unique allelic richness shown in this study, these two groups should be considered as independent conservation units. We strongly recommend the conservation and restoration of the natural habitats of the Military Macaw to maintain and increase the size of its population and recover and expand its original geographical distribution.

ACS Style

Francisco A. Rivera-Ortíz; Sofia Solorzano; María Del C. Arizmendi; Patricia Dávila-Aranda; Ken Oyama. Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico. Tropical Conservation Science 2016, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Francisco A. Rivera-Ortíz, Sofia Solorzano, María Del C. Arizmendi, Patricia Dávila-Aranda, Ken Oyama. Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico. Tropical Conservation Science. 2016; 10 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco A. Rivera-Ortíz; Sofia Solorzano; María Del C. Arizmendi; Patricia Dávila-Aranda; Ken Oyama. 2016. "Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico." Tropical Conservation Science 10, no. : 1.

Original articles
Published: 22 May 2015 in Plant Ecology & Diversity
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Background: Rare cactus in the Americas and other species worldwide are threatened species because of their high level of habitat specialisation, narrow distribution range and continuing population decline. Aims: To identify management units (MUs) based on genetic variability and demographic structure in order to propose assertive conservation actions for Mammillaria crucigera and to provide a model case study for other species that are under similar threats. Methods: We genotyped through eight microsatellite loci in 171 individuals and described demographic structures in six populations of this cactus based on plots of 1 m2. Results: Across populations with a mean density of 2.6 m−2 and a total of ~500 individuals counted, 30% of the individuals were reproductive (diameter >2 cm). The total heterozygosity was low (HO = 0.54), but the inbreeding coefficient (FIS = 0.29) and the allele diversity (NA = 20) were high. Four genetic groups were distinguished, although considering the demographic structure, we propose three MUs. Conclusions: It is critical to maintain the genetic connectivity within and among MUs, which can only be achieved through cooperation between government authorities and local habitants to halt the degradation and further destruction of the remnant populations. Searching MUs allows the identification of critical areas for conservation issues for all species whose extant populations are in a fragmented landscape.

ACS Style

Sofia Solórzano; Patricia Dávila. Identification of conservation units ofMammillaria crucigera(Cactaceae): perspectives for the conservation of rare species. Plant Ecology & Diversity 2015, 8, 559 -569.

AMA Style

Sofia Solórzano, Patricia Dávila. Identification of conservation units ofMammillaria crucigera(Cactaceae): perspectives for the conservation of rare species. Plant Ecology & Diversity. 2015; 8 (4):559-569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solórzano; Patricia Dávila. 2015. "Identification of conservation units ofMammillaria crucigera(Cactaceae): perspectives for the conservation of rare species." Plant Ecology & Diversity 8, no. 4: 559-569.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2015 in Plant Systematics and Evolution
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Florestina is shown to consist of six annual species occurring mostly in arid and semiarid regions of Mexico. Florestina species are morphologically similar and consequently phylogenetic relationships within the genus are poorly understood. We present a phylogenetic study based on morphological characters, DNA sequences of nuclear non-coding spacers (ETS and ITS) and chloroplast non-coding spacers (rpl32-trnL and trnC-petN). The ETS and ITS spacer-based phylogenies allowed several well-supported conclusions: (1) the genus Florestina is monophyletic and Palafoxia is its closest relative; (2) Florestina latifolia and F. platyphylla form a strongly supported clade; (3) four taxa that are morphologically very similar, F. liebmannii, F. pedata, F. simplicifolia, and F. tripteris, are phylogenetically closely related and based on the sequence data we suggest that these should be recognized as only two species, one comprising F. pedata and F. simplicifolia, which shows wide morphological variation throughout its distributional range; and the other comprising F. liebmannii and F. tripteris; (4) F. lobata and F. purpurea are species very distinct from the remainder of the species in Florestina. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that hybridization and introgression may be involved in the evolutionary history of Florestina.

ACS Style

Fabiola Soto-Trejo; Edward E. Schilling; Sofia Solórzano; Ken Oyama; Rafael Lira; Patricia Davila. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Florestina (Asteraceae, Bahieae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 2015, 301, 2147 -2160.

AMA Style

Fabiola Soto-Trejo, Edward E. Schilling, Sofia Solórzano, Ken Oyama, Rafael Lira, Patricia Davila. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Florestina (Asteraceae, Bahieae). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 2015; 301 (9):2147-2160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabiola Soto-Trejo; Edward E. Schilling; Sofia Solórzano; Ken Oyama; Rafael Lira; Patricia Davila. 2015. "Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Florestina (Asteraceae, Bahieae)." Plant Systematics and Evolution 301, no. 9: 2147-2160.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad
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Nearly 168 species of Mammillaria are endangered at the global level; most of these cactus species exhibit a narrow distribution range and/or small population size. Recently, the first population genetics studies showed low to moderate levels of heterozygosity in this genus. This study examines Mammillaria huitzilopochtli and M. supertexta, 2 threatened species endemic to the central semiarid region of Mexico, to propose conservation actions, as well as to identify the underlying processes that determine the levels of population genetic diversity in these species. A totalof 106 and 148 individuals from 5 populations were sampled for M. huitzilopochtli and M. supertexta, respectively. Each individual was genotyped at 8 microsatellite loci. The levels of heterozygosity were high in the 2 species, but differences in allelic richness were detected. Genetic differentiation between populations was significant in both species, with evidence for isolation by distance in M. supertexta but not in M. huitzilopochtli. We postulated that genetic drift; geographic isolation and inbreeding are the most important processes shaping the populations’ genetic variability and differentiation. We identified 3 and 4 genetic groups for M. huitzilopochtli and M. supertexta, respectively. In the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley these groups may be used as references to guide plant conservationefforts under ecosystem-based approach.

ACS Style

Sofia Solórzano; Patricia Diana Cuevas Alducín; Verónica García Gómez; Patricia Davila. Genetic diversity and conservation of Mammillaria huitzilopochtli and M. supertexta, two threatened species endemic of the semiarid region of central Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 2014, 85, 565 -575.

AMA Style

Sofia Solórzano, Patricia Diana Cuevas Alducín, Verónica García Gómez, Patricia Davila. Genetic diversity and conservation of Mammillaria huitzilopochtli and M. supertexta, two threatened species endemic of the semiarid region of central Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014; 85 (2):565-575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solórzano; Patricia Diana Cuevas Alducín; Verónica García Gómez; Patricia Davila. 2014. "Genetic diversity and conservation of Mammillaria huitzilopochtli and M. supertexta, two threatened species endemic of the semiarid region of central Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85, no. 2: 565-575.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2013 in Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad
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Forest structure and composition have been used to assess the habitat characteristics that determine birddistributions. The patterns of distribution have been shaped by historical and ecological factors that play different rolesat both temporal and spatial scales. The objectives of this research were to characterize the habitat of the endangeredMilitary Macaw (Ara militaris) and evaluate the potential distribution of this species based on trends of land use changesin Mexico. We characterized the community structure and floristic composition of 8 forests that are currently used by theMilitary Macaw for breeding and feeding and compared the results with 6 similar forests characterized in other studies butwithout historical records of the presence of the Military Macaw. The Military Macaw preferred sites with high diversityof plant species dominated by trees from 4 to 15 m in height and from 5 to 90 cm in diameter at breast height. We identified236 plant species in the 8 forests with 20 species (8.4%) used for nesting and feeding by the Military Macaw. The floristiccomposition is important for the presence of the Military Macaw because there were significant differences betweenforests with and without its presence. The potential area of distribution of the Military Macaw had decreased by 32%and the remnant areas are included in only 8 National Protected Areas. The protected areas of natural forests should beincreased to preserve the sites of potential distribution and consequently the habitat of the Military Macaw in Mexico.

ACS Style

Francisco Alberto Rivera-Ortíz; Ken Oyama; César Antonio Ríos-Muñoz; Sofia Solórzano; Adolfo Gerardo Navarro-Sigüenza; Maria Del Coro Arizmendi. Habitat characterization and modeling of the potential distribution of the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 2013, 84, 1200 -1215.

AMA Style

Francisco Alberto Rivera-Ortíz, Ken Oyama, César Antonio Ríos-Muñoz, Sofia Solórzano, Adolfo Gerardo Navarro-Sigüenza, Maria Del Coro Arizmendi. Habitat characterization and modeling of the potential distribution of the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2013; 84 (4):1200-1215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Alberto Rivera-Ortíz; Ken Oyama; César Antonio Ríos-Muñoz; Sofia Solórzano; Adolfo Gerardo Navarro-Sigüenza; Maria Del Coro Arizmendi. 2013. "Habitat characterization and modeling of the potential distribution of the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84, no. 4: 1200-1215.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2009 in Revista de Biología Tropical
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The resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) is an endemic Mesoamerican bird species of conservation concern. Within this species, the subspecies P. m. costaricensis and P. m. mocinno, have been recognized by apparent morphometric differences; however, presently there is no sufficient data for confirmation. We analyzed eight morphometric attributes of the body from 41 quetzals: body length, tarsus and cord wing, as well as the length, wide and depth of the bill, body weight; and in the case of the males, the length of the long upper-tail cover feathers. We used multivariate analyses to discriminate morphometric differences between subspecies and contrasted each morphometric attribute between and within subspecies with paired non-parametric Wilcoxon test. In order to review the intraspecific taxonomic status of this bird, we added phylogenetic analysis, and genetic divergence and differentiation based on nucleotide variations in four sequences of mtDNA. The nucleotide variation was estimated in control region, subunit NDH6, and tRNAGlu and tRNAPhe in 26 quetzals from eight localities distributed in five countries. We estimated the genetic divergence and differentiation between subspecies according to a mutation-drift equilibrium model. We obtained the best mutation nucleotide model following the procedure implemented in model test program. We constructed the phylogenetic relationships between subspecies by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood using PAUP, as well as with Bayesian statistics. The multivariate analyses showed two different morphometric groups, and individuals clustered according to the subspecies that they belong. The paired comparisons between subspecies showed strong differences in most of the attributes analyzed. Along the four mtDNA sequences, we identified 32 nucleotide positions that have a particular nucleotide according to the quetzals subspecies. The genetic divergence and the differentiation was strong and markedly showed two groups within P. mocinno that corresponded to the quetzals subspecies. The model selected for our data was TVM+G. The three phylogenetic methods here used recovered two clear monophyletic clades corresponding to each subspecies, and evidenced a significant and true partition of P. mocinno species into two different genetic, morphometric and ecologic groups. Additionally, according to our calculations, the gene flow between subspecies is interrupted at least from three million years ago. Thus we propose that P. mocinno be divided in two independent species: P. mocinno (Northern species, from Mexico to Nicaragua) and in P. costaricensis (Southern species, Costa Rica and Panama). This new taxonomic classification of the quetzal subspecies allows us to get well conservation achievements because the evaluation about the kind and magnitude of the threats could be more precise.

ACS Style

Sofía Solórzano; Ken Oyama. Morphometric and molecular differentiation between quetzal subspecies of Pharomachrus mocinno (Trogoniformes: Trogonidae). Revista de Biología Tropical 2009, 58, 357 -71.

AMA Style

Sofía Solórzano, Ken Oyama. Morphometric and molecular differentiation between quetzal subspecies of Pharomachrus mocinno (Trogoniformes: Trogonidae). Revista de Biología Tropical. 2009; 58 (1):357-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofía Solórzano; Ken Oyama. 2009. "Morphometric and molecular differentiation between quetzal subspecies of Pharomachrus mocinno (Trogoniformes: Trogonidae)." Revista de Biología Tropical 58, no. 1: 357-71.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2009 in Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad
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EN ESTE ESTUDIO, ANALIZAMOS LA VARIACIÓN GENÉTICA DEL QUETZAL (PHAROMACHRUS MOCINNO) A LO LARGO DE SU DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA CON LA FINALIDAD DE DETERMINAR PRIORIDADES DE CONSERVACIÓN. ESTA ESPECIE SE ENCUENTRA DESDE MÉXICO HASTA PANAMÁ EN BOSQUES DE NIEBLA FRAGMENTADOS Y AISLADOS. UN ANÁLISIS ESCALAR MULTIDIMENSIONAL Y UN UPGMA DE UN CONJUNTO DE 286 FRAGMENTOS DE RAPD RESOLVIERON 3 GRUPOS GENÉTICOS: GRUPO 1, LOCALIDADES MEXICANAS; GRUPO 2, GUATEMALA, NICARAGUA Y EL SALVADOR, Y GRUPO 3, PANAMÁ. LA MEDIA DE LA DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA ESTIMADA CON EL ÍNDICE DE SHANNON FUE DE 0.38, 0.22 Y 0.32, PARA LOS GRUPOS 1, 2 Y 3, RESPECTIVAMENTE. LA DIFERENCIACIÓN GENÉTICA ENTRE GRUPOS FUE ESTADÍSTICAMENTE SIGNIFICATIVA. EL ANÁLISIS DE AMOVA DETECTÓ QUE EL PORCENTAJE MÁS ALTO DE VARIACIÓN GENÉTICA (70.86%) ESTÁ DENTRO DE LAS POBLACIONES. NUESTROS RESULTADOS SUGIEREN QUE DENTRO DE LA ESPECIE DE QUETZAL, EXISTEN 3 GRUPOS GENÉTICOS QUE DEBEN SER CONSIDERADOS COMO PRIORIDADES DE CONSERVACIÓN INDEPENDIENTES Y SER INCLUIDAS EN UN PROGRAMA GLOBAL MESOAMERICANO DE CONSERVACIÓN.

ACS Style

Ken Oyama; Mara García Juárez; Sofía Solorzano. Diversidad genética y conservación del quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno en Mesoamérica. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 2009, 80, 1 .

AMA Style

Ken Oyama, Mara García Juárez, Sofía Solorzano. Diversidad genética y conservación del quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno en Mesoamérica. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2009; 80 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ken Oyama; Mara García Juárez; Sofía Solorzano. 2009. "Diversidad genética y conservación del quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno en Mesoamérica." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2009 in Molecular Ecology Resources
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The cactus Mammillaria crucigera is a threatened species endemic to central Mexico. As a means of assessing population genetic status of these species, eight microsatellite markers were developed. These primers were tested in 40 individual from two wild populations. The results showed that these primers will be useful to describe population structure and aid to the conservation of species. The eight primers were tested in other Mammillaria species and most of them showed successful amplification.

ACS Style

Sofia Solórzano; Aurea C. Cortés‐Palomec; Arturo Ibarra; Patricia Dávila; Ken Oyama. Isolation, characterization and cross-amplification of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the threatened endemicMammillaria crucigera(Cactaceae). Molecular Ecology Resources 2009, 9, 156 -158.

AMA Style

Sofia Solórzano, Aurea C. Cortés‐Palomec, Arturo Ibarra, Patricia Dávila, Ken Oyama. Isolation, characterization and cross-amplification of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the threatened endemicMammillaria crucigera(Cactaceae). Molecular Ecology Resources. 2009; 9 (1):156-158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solórzano; Aurea C. Cortés‐Palomec; Arturo Ibarra; Patricia Dávila; Ken Oyama. 2009. "Isolation, characterization and cross-amplification of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the threatened endemicMammillaria crucigera(Cactaceae)." Molecular Ecology Resources 9, no. 1: 156-158.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2004 in Ornithological Applications
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ACS Style

Sofia Solórzano; Allan J. Baker; Ken Oyama. CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR RESPLENDENT QUETZALS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES. Ornithological Applications 2004, 106, 449 .

AMA Style

Sofia Solórzano, Allan J. Baker, Ken Oyama. CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR RESPLENDENT QUETZALS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES. Ornithological Applications. 2004; 106 (3):449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solórzano; Allan J. Baker; Ken Oyama. 2004. "CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR RESPLENDENT QUETZALS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES." Ornithological Applications 106, no. 3: 449.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2003 in Biological Conservation
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We evaluated the impacts of land-cover changes of evergreen cloud forests on the distribution of quetzals in the four mountain regions of Chiapas, Mexico. The land-cover changes were estimated comparing satellite images of 1970 and 2000. We also simulated the amount of remnant forests 50 years in the future. The past and the current distributions of quetzals were based on literature records and recent field surveys. Our results showed that in 1970 the forests occupied 973 km2, and in 2000, 312 km2, and annual loss from 3.34 to 6.85%. Our simulation suggests that 50 years from now, only one region will maintain evergreen cloud forests. In addition, we documented literature reports of 39 forests inhabited by quetzals, but in 2001 there remained 11 small-isolated forests. In order to guarantee the survival of this species, conversation efforts must be made to protect the quetzal and its habitat throughout the entire Mesoamerica region.

ACS Style

Sofia Solórzano; Miguel Angel Castillo-Santiago; Dario Alejandro Navarrete-Gutiérrez; Ken Oyama. Impacts of the loss of neotropical highland forests on the species distribution: a case study using resplendent quetzal an endangered bird species. Biological Conservation 2003, 114, 341 -349.

AMA Style

Sofia Solórzano, Miguel Angel Castillo-Santiago, Dario Alejandro Navarrete-Gutiérrez, Ken Oyama. Impacts of the loss of neotropical highland forests on the species distribution: a case study using resplendent quetzal an endangered bird species. Biological Conservation. 2003; 114 (3):341-349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solórzano; Miguel Angel Castillo-Santiago; Dario Alejandro Navarrete-Gutiérrez; Ken Oyama. 2003. "Impacts of the loss of neotropical highland forests on the species distribution: a case study using resplendent quetzal an endangered bird species." Biological Conservation 114, no. 3: 341-349.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2002 in Biodiversity and Conservation
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We describe liana diversity and variation in morphology of flowers and diaspores in two tropical forests in Mexico: a seasonally deciduous forest at Chamela, Jalisco and a lowland rain forest at Chajul, Chiapas. Flowers were classified as inconspicuous (≤1 cm in length and white or pale green flowers) or conspicuous (> 1 cm and brightly colored flowers). Dispersal syndrome was classified as anemochory, barochory, and zoochory. We recorded a higher number of lianas species in Chajul (128 spp.) than in Chamela (71 spp.). In both sites, families with the highest number of species were Bignoniaceae, Leguminosae, Sapindaceae, and Malphigiaceae, and almost half of the liana species had inconspicuous flowers. Most of the species had an abiotic syndrome of dispersal with 40 (56.3%) and 71 (55.5%) wind-dispersed species in Chamela and Chajul, respectively. Zoochory was significantly associated with inconspicuous flowers and anemochory with conspicuous flowers. Our results suggest that (1) flower morphology and dispersal type are not related with the amount of rainfall and (2) lianas are more prone to be wind-dispersed.

ACS Style

Sofia Solorzano; Guillermo Ibarra‐Manríquez; Ken Oyama. Liana diversity and reproductive attributes in two tropical forests in Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 2002, 11, 197 -212.

AMA Style

Sofia Solorzano, Guillermo Ibarra‐Manríquez, Ken Oyama. Liana diversity and reproductive attributes in two tropical forests in Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2002; 11 (2):197-212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solorzano; Guillermo Ibarra‐Manríquez; Ken Oyama. 2002. "Liana diversity and reproductive attributes in two tropical forests in Mexico." Biodiversity and Conservation 11, no. 2: 197-212.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2000 in Biotropica
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The Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) is an altitudinal migrant that nests in high elevation cloud forests and migrates toward lower areas during the summer rainy season. It has been suggested that its migratory movements are related to the abundance of ripe Lauraceae fruits. We studied the quetzal diet during two consecutive years, as well as changes in fruit abundance of the plant species on which the bird feeds at El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, southeastern Mexico. The quetzal was observed feeding on 32 plant species; of these, 24 are new records in its diet. We chose 20 of these 32 species and studied their fruit phenology for two years in order to describe the relationship between fruit and quetzal abundance. Our results showed that quetzal abundance in the breeding area was correlated with the total number of fruiting species, whereas the correlation between quetzal abundance and the number of fruiting Lauraceae species was only marginal. Additionally, a correlation test showed that quetzal abundance was marginally correlated with total fruit availability (total no. of fruits per month); however, the correlation between quetzal abundance and the number of fruits in the Lauraceae was not significant. Our results suggest that the dynamics of food resources may be playing a major role in the quetzal's migratory behavior. Knowing the bird's diet may aid in characterizing the type of habitat adequate for its conservation. Our observations in this respect suggest that conservation efforts to preserve this bird species should concentrate on the protection of its habitat, including both breeding and nonbreeding (migration) locations. El Quetzal (Pharomachms mocinno) es una especie migratoria altitudinal que anida en las partes altas de los bosques de niebla y migra hacia áreas más bajas en el verano, durante la estación de lluvias. Se ha sugerido que sus movimientos altitudinales están relacionados con la abundancia de frutos maduros de la familia Lauraceae. Estudiamos la dieta del quetzal durante dos años consecutivos, asi como los cambios en la abundacia de frutos de las especies de las cuales los quetzales se alimentan en la reserva de la biosfera El Triunfo, en el sureste de México. Los quetzales se observaron alimentándose de 32 especies de plantas, de las cuales 24 son nuevos registros en su dieta. Durante dos años estudiamos la fenologia de frutos de 20 de estas 32 especies, para describir la relación entre la abundancia de frutos y la de quetzales. Nuestros resultados muestran que la abundancia de quetzales en el área de reproducción está correlacionada con el número total de especies que fructificaron, mientras que la correlación entre la abundacia de quetzales y el número de especies de Lauraceae con frutos fue marginal. Otra análisis mostró que la abundancia de quetzales está marginalmente correlacionada con la disponibilidad total de frutos (número total de frutos por mes); sin embargo, la correlación entre abundancia de quetzales y número de frutos de Lauracea no fue significativa. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la dinámica de los recursos alimentarios puede estar jugando un papel importante en la conducta migratoria del quetzal. El conocimiento de la dieta del quetzal puede ayudar en la caracterización del hábitat que es adecuado para su conservación. Nuestras observaciones sugieren que los esfuerzos de conservación para preservar esta especie deben concentrarse en la protección de su hábitat, tanto de las áreas de reproducción como de migración.

ACS Style

Sofia Solorzano; Silvia Castillo; Teresa Valverde; Lourdes Ivila. Quetzal Abundance in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Cloud Forest in Southeastern Mexico1. Biotropica 2000, 32, 523 -532.

AMA Style

Sofia Solorzano, Silvia Castillo, Teresa Valverde, Lourdes Ivila. Quetzal Abundance in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Cloud Forest in Southeastern Mexico1. Biotropica. 2000; 32 (3):523-532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofia Solorzano; Silvia Castillo; Teresa Valverde; Lourdes Ivila. 2000. "Quetzal Abundance in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Cloud Forest in Southeastern Mexico1." Biotropica 32, no. 3: 523-532.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2000 in Biotropica
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The Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) is an altitudinal migrant that nests in high elevation cloud forests and migrates toward lower areas during the summer rainy season. It has been suggested that its migratory movements are related to the abundance of ripe Lauraceae fruits. We studied the quetzal diet during two consecutive years, as well as changes in fruit abundance of the plant species on which the bird feeds at El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, southeastern Mexico. The quetzal was observed feeding on 32 plant species; of these, 24 are new records in its diet. We chose 20 of these 32 species and studied their fruit phenology for two years in order to describe the relationship between fruit and quetzal abundance. Our results showed that quetzal abundance in the breeding area was correlated with the total number of fruiting species, whereas the correlation between quetzal abundance and the number of fruiting Lauraceae species was only marginal. Additionally, a correlation test showed that quetzal abundance was marginally correlated with total fruit availability (total no. of fruits per month); however, the correlation between quetzal abundance and the number of fruits in the Lauraceae was not significant. Our results suggest that the dynamics of food resources may be playing a major role in the quetzal's migratory behavior. Knowing the bird's diet may aid in characterizing the type of habitat adequate for its conservation. Our observations in this respect suggest that conservation efforts to preserve this bird species should concentrate on the protection of its habitat, including both breeding and nonbreeding (migration) locations. El Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) es una especie migratoria altitudinal que anida en las partes altas de los bosques de niebla y migra hacia áreas más bajas en el verano, durante la estación de lluvias. Se ha sugerido que sus movimientos altitudinales están relacionados con la abundancia de frutos maduros de la familia Lauraceae. Estudiamos la dieta del quetzal durante dos años consecutivos, así como los cambios en la abundacia de frutos de las especies de las cuales los quetzales se alimentan en la reserva de la biosfera El Triunfo, en el sureste de México. Los quetzales se observaron alimentándose de 32 especies de plantas, de las cuales 24 son nuevos registros en su dieta. Durante dos años estudiamos la fenología de frutos de 20 de estas 32 especies, para describir la relación entre la abundancia de frutos y la de quetzales. Nuestros resultados muestran que la abundancia de quetzales en el área de reproducción está correlacionada con el número total de especies que fructificaron, mientras que la correlación entre la abundacia de quetzales y el número de especies de Lauraceae con frutos fue marginal. Otra análisis mostró que la abundancia de quetzales está marginalmente correlacionada con la disponibilidad total de frutos (número total de frutos por mes); sin embargo, la correlación entre abundancia de quetzales y número de frutos de Lauracea no fue significativa. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la dinámica de los recursos alimentarios puede estar jugando un papel importante en la conducta migratoria del quetzal. El conocimiento de la dieta del quetzal puede ayudar en la caracterización del hábitat que es adecuado para su conservación. Nuestras observaciones sugieren que los esfuerzos de conservación para preservar esta especie deben concentrarse en la protección de su hábitat, tanto de las áreas de reproducción como de migración.

ACS Style

Sofía Solórzano; Silvia Castillo; Teresa Valverde; Lourdes Ávila. Quetzal Abundance in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Cloud Forest in Southeastern Mexico1. Biotropica 2000, 32, 1 .

AMA Style

Sofía Solórzano, Silvia Castillo, Teresa Valverde, Lourdes Ávila. Quetzal Abundance in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Cloud Forest in Southeastern Mexico1. Biotropica. 2000; 32 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofía Solórzano; Silvia Castillo; Teresa Valverde; Lourdes Ávila. 2000. "Quetzal Abundance in Relation to Fruit Availability in a Cloud Forest in Southeastern Mexico1." Biotropica 32, no. 3: 1.