Biosynthetic procedure is the best alternative to the preparation of nonmaterials as the challenges faced by the scientist from the last few decades. Present research reports cost-effective, inexpensive eco-friendly synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a methanolic extract of fruits peel agro-waste. X-ray diffraction spectrum of identified TiO₂NPs found noncrystalline in nature. Fourier transform infrared showed O–H, C = O, C–O, and C–H functional groups present in the fruit peel involved in the biosynthesis of TiO₂NPs. The prominent peak at 1708, 1720 and 1700 cm⁻¹ observed in the spectrum attributed to O–Ti–O stretching in Plum, Kiwi and Peach mediated TiO₂NPs. The SEM images of all three TiO₂NPs revealed cylindrical in shape. The size of TiO₂NPs synthesized from Plum, Kiwi and Peach were found to be 47.1 and 63.2, 54.1 and 85.1 and 200 nm, respectively. All the TiO₂NPs exhibited size- and dose-dependent antibacterial and antioxidant activities. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Tea is one of the top beverages used around the world every day, which contains a high amount of polyphenols and antioxidants. The main aim of this research is to quantify some marketed black tea (Rabea, Lipton, Alkbous, Green gold and Haritham) for phenolic contents and antioxidant potential evaluation by ultrasound solvent extraction and was compared with conventional extraction. Ultrasonic extraction was optimized by considering frequencies (26 kHz, 40 kHz), temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C), and power (30, 40 and 50%) at a fixed time of 30 min. In both the ultrasonic frequencies, 40 °C temperature and 40% power combination exhibited highest cumulative yield (mg/100 g DW), total phenolic content (mg gallic acid/g DW), flavonoids (mg/g DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (%) in all branded tea. Within each brand of tea, at any temperature-power combination at particular frequency results were not significantly different. But, at a similar condition of temperature power results were found significantly different between two frequencies. Furthermore, ultrasonic extraction process was analyzed thermodynamically by selecting some basic parameters. Thermodynamics results showed the extraction process was feasible, spontaneous and irreversible. Also, 26 kHz ultrasonic probe is more appropriate for the extraction purpose and thermodynamically more acceptable as compared to 40 kHz ultrasonic bath. Moreover, Haritham was selected as the best tea brand due to its high polyphenol contents and antioxidant potential.

To correlate the chromatographic and computational method to calculate lipophilicity of selected ginger compounds and to observe the effects of log P on wound healing. Mixtures of acetonitrile and water with acetonitrile content between 95% and 50% v/v in 5% increments were kept separately in 10 different chromatographic chambers, saturated with solvent for 2 h. Spots were observed under UV light at λ=254 nm p-anisaldehyde used as a spraying reagent. Theoretical calculation was done using the Alogps 2.1 online program at www.vcclab.org/lab/alogps. For percentage wound contraction, five groups of animal (mice) (25-30 g) of either sex were selected. Wound were created on dorsal surface of animals using toothed forceps, scalpel and pointed scissors. The wound areas were calculated using vernier caliper. After making wound mice were orally administered 35 mg/kg 6-shogoal, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol respectively. Group E as the control group received tap water. The lipophilicity values determined in thin layer chromatography were correlated with the theoretically calculated various log P by linear regression analysis. Significant correlations were found between log P values calculated by software program and the experimental reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography data. Order of wound healing property of ginger compounds is directly dependent on lipophilicity i.e. more lipophilic compound has highest activity. Experimentally determined lipophilicity (R MO) values were correlated with log P determined by software's and found satisfactory. Lipophilicity (R MO) is a useful parameter for the determination and prediction of biological activity of ginger compounds.

We have developed a new idea to synthesize key intermediate molecule by utilizing deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ultrasound in a multistep reaction to ensure process cost-effective. Key intermediate (3) and final compounds (4a–n) were synthesized in a higher yield of 95% and 80–88% respectively. Further, final compounds (4a–n) were assessed for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and lipid peroxidation. The compounds 4f, 4g, 4j, 4l, and 4m showed good anti-inflammatory activity, while 4f, 4i, and 4n exhibited very good analgesic activity as compared to the standard drug. The ulcerogenicity of selected compounds was far less than the indomethacin. The ligands had also shown a good docking score (4f = −6.859 and 4n = −7.077) as compared to control indomethacin (−6.109).State-of-art DFT theory was used to validate the lipid peroxidation mechanism of the active compounds which was in good agreement with the variations of BDEs and IP of the tested compounds.