Trauma and bone loss from infections, tumors, and congenital diseases make bone repair and regeneration the greatest challenges in orthopedic, craniofacial, and plastic surgeries. The shortage of donors, intrinsic limitations, and complications in transplantation have led to more focus and interest in regenerative medicine. Structures that closely mimic bone tissue can be produced by this unique technology. The steady development of three-dimensional (3D)-printed bone tissue engineering scaffold therapy has played an important role in achieving the desired goal. Bioceramic scaffolds are widely studied and appear to be the most promising solution. In addition, 3D printing technology can simulate mechanical and biological surface properties and print with high precision complex internal and external structures to match their functional properties. Inkjet, extrusion, and light-based 3D printing are among the rapidly advancing bone bioprinting technologies. Furthermore, stem cell therapy has recently shown an important role in this field, although large tissue defects are difficult to fill by injection alone. The combination of 3D-printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds with stem cells has shown very promising results. Therefore, biocompatible artificial tissue engineering with living cells is the key element required for clinical applications where there is a high demand for bone defect repair. Furthermore, the emergence of various advanced manufacturing technologies has made the form of biomaterials and their functions, composition, and structure more diversified, and manifold. The importance of this article lies in that it aims to briefly review the main principles and characteristics of the currently available methods in orthopedic bioprinting technology to prepare bioceramic scaffolds, and finally discuss the challenges and prospects for applications in this promising and vital field.

Introduction: Before anti-EGFR therapy is given to patients with colorectal cancer, it is required to determineKRASmutation status in tumor. When tumor tissue is not available, cell-free DNA (liquid biopsy) is commonly used as an alternative. Due to the low abundance of tumor-derived DNA in cell-free DNA samples, methods with high sensitivity were preferred, including digital polymerase chain reaction, amplification refractory mutation system and next-generation sequencing. The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the accuracy of those methods in detectingKRASmutation in cell-free DNA sample from patients with colorectal cancer.Methods: Literature search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. After removing duplicates from the 170 publications found by literature search, eligible studies were identified using pre-defined criteria. Quality of the publications and relevant data were assessed and extracted thereafter. Meta-DiSc and STATA softwares were used to pool the accuracy parameters from the extracted data.Results: A total of 33 eligible studies were identified for this systemic review and meta-analysis. After pooling, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.77 (95%CI: 0.74–0.79), 0.87 (95%CI: 0.85–0.89), and 23.96 (95%CI: 13.72–41.84), respectively. The overall positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.55 (95%CI: 3.76–8.19) and 0.29 (95%CI: 0.21–0.38), respectively. Area under curve of the summarized ROC curve was 0.8992.Conclusion: Digital polymerase chain reaction, amplification refractory mutation system, and next-generation sequencing had overall high accuracy in detectingKRASmutation in cell-free DNA sample. Large prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to further convince the accuracy and usefulness ofKRASmutation detection using cfDNA/liquid biopsy samples in clinical practice.Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42020176682;https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=176682.

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 virus 2 (COVID-19) virus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on 9 January 2020, the entire world has been exceptionally interested in examining the impact of this pandemic on people and the environment. The pandemic led to unprecedented measures to halt air traffic and close factories due to lockdowns, economic closures, and the stopping of transportation of all kinds. The decline in the use of coal by power plants, oil refining, and steel manufacturing had a beneficial effect on air pollution and caused a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the concept of sustainability has become more prevalent, reflecting the increasing awareness of the responsibility placed on every member of society. Sustainability is the quality and quantity of change that meets our needs without destroying the giving planet, which is the hope for the survival of future generations. We summarized and discussed the studies and research documenting these effects on the environment and health worldwide to come up with objective conclusions, and to draw some recommendations and concepts about the importance of sustainability. The significance of this article lies in that it aims to briefly review some of the positive and negative impacts observed and reported during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on health and the planet’s environment for the duration of April 2020–October 2022, and finally discuss the challenges and prospects to endorse planet sustainability. While COVID-19 had many beneficial effects on the planet’s recovery, there were also profound effects on health due to the disease itself. Government and policymakers must take measures to prevent this environmental healing process from being transient.

Integral membrane proteins, known as Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, are cellular sensors for various physical and chemical stimuli in the nervous system, respiratory airways, colon, pancreas, bladder, skin, cardiovascular system, and eyes. TRP channels with nine subfamilies are classified by sequence similarity, resulting in this superfamily’s tremendous physiological functional diversity. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the development of effective treatment methods for pancreatic cancer has been hindered by the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis, partly due to the difficulty in studying human tissue samples. However, scientific research on this topic has witnessed steady development in the past few years in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie TRP channel disturbance. This brief review summarizes current knowledge of the molecular role of TRP channels in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal carcinoma to identify potential therapeutic interventions.

Introduction: Cetuximab and panitumumab have been used clinically to treat metastatic colorectal cancer for more than 15 years. Before the treatment is given, it is required to determine the KRAS mutation status since it would lead to drug resistance. Tumor tissue sample is traditionally used for cancer genotyping. In recent years, liquid biopsy sample has been intensively investigated as a surrogate for tumor tissue sample due to its non-invasiveness and better presentation of tumor heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to systematically summarize the accuracy of KRAS mutation measurement in colorectal cancer using cell-free DNA in liquid biopsy samples, with tumor tissue sample as reference (gold standard).Methods and analysis: We will search literatures in the following databases: Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Systemic review and meta-analysis will be performed to summarize the accuracy of KRAS mutation measurement in colorectal cancer using liquid biopsy sample, and subgroup analysis will be performed on different testing platforms, and on metastatic and non-metastatic colorectal cancer.Timeline: This study will start on June 1, 2020, and is expected to be finished by November 1, 2020.Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval will not be required since the data obtained and analyzed in this study will not be on individual patients. Study results will be disseminated as an official publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Registration:PROSPERO CRD42020176682