Dry rose extract (DRE) obtained industrially by aqueous ethanol extraction from R. damascena flowers and its phenolic-enriched fraction, obtained by re-extraction with ethyl acetate (EAE) were the subject of this study. ¹H NMR of DRE allowed the identification and quantitation of fructose and glucose, while the combined use of HPLC-DAD-ESIMS and HPLC-HRMS showed the presence of 14 kaempferol glycosides, 12 quercetin glycosides, 4 phenolic acids and their esters, 4 galloyl glycosides, 7 ellagitannins, and quinic acid. In addition, the structures of 13 of the flavonoid glycosides were further confirmed by NMR. EAE was found to be richer in TPC and TFC and showed better antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) compared to DRE. Both extracts displayed significant activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis, but showed no activity against Candida albicans. Toxicity tests on normal human skin fibroblasts revealed low toxicity for both extracts with stronger effects observed at 24 hours of treatment that were compensated for over the following two days. Human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells exhibited an opposite response after treatment with a concentration above 350 µg/mL for EAE and 500 µg/mL for DRE, showing increased toxicity after the third day of treatment. Lower concentrations were non-toxic and did not significantly affect the cell cycle parameters of either of the cell lines.

Oral probiotic lactic acid bacteria can exhibit antagonistic activities against pathogens associated with diseases in the oral cavity. Therefore, twelve previously isolated oral strains were assessed for antagonistic evaluation against selected oral test microorganisms Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Two separate co-culturing analyses were performed, where all tested strains showed the presence of antagonistic activity and four strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum N 2, TC 3-11, and NA 2-2, and Weissella confusa NN 1, significantly inhibited Streptococcus mutans by 3–5 logs. The strains showed antagonistic activity against Candida albicans, and all exhibited pathogen inhibition by up to 2 logs. Co-aggregation capability was assessed, showing co-aggregative properties with the selected pathogens. Biofilm formation and antibiofilm activity of the tested strains against the oral pathogens were assayed, where the strains showed specificity in self-biofilm formation and well-expressed antibiofilm properties by most of them above 79% and 50% against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. The tested LAB strains were assayed by a KMnO₄ antioxidant bioassay, where most of the native cell-free supernatants exhibited total antioxidant capacity. These results show that five tested strains are promising candidates to be included in new functional probiotic products for oral healthcare.

The whole-genome sequencing of lactic acid bacteria provides a valuable resource for identifying the genetic determinants underlying molecular mechanisms related to their probiotic properties. Analysis of draft genome sequences relies on bioinformatics tools for genetic data processing and in silico analytical methods to pinpoint the genetic determinants encoding biologically active compounds. The aim of this study was to perform the phenotypic determination of the antibiotic sensitivity and bioinformatics analyses on whole-genome assemblies from LAB from the human oral microbiome, and determine the presence of acquired antibiotic resistance genes, peptidases, adhesion proteins, and bacteriocins. Bioinformatics processing was performed in order to establish the molecular mechanisms responsible for the previously observed probiotic properties. The tested LAB strains exhibited a broad spectrum of antibiotic multiresistance, but did not possess acquired antibiotic resistance genes. The detected genes for peptidase activity were from the Pep family of hydrolase enzymes. Genetic determinants for adhesion proteins contained LPxTG, YSIRK, KxYKxGKxW, and SEC 10/PgrA domains, as well as MucBP domains. Lectins were found for five of the strains with the presence of WxL domains from the CscC protein family and L-type lectin domains. The in silico analyses show that some of the tested strains possessed mechanisms for bacteriocin production.

Lactic acid bacteria are widely studied microorganisms and are one of the prevalent groups of bacteria in the oral cavity microbiome. This work aimed to isolate new lactic acid bacterial strains from the human oral cavity and evaluate their characteristics and probiotic potential. Twelve strains were isolated and identified as belonging to several genera in the family Lactobacillaceae. Screening for antimicrobial activity was held, where two of the strains showed antagonistic activity against Streptococcus mutans and most of the strains expressed inhibition against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. The ability of the studied strains to autoaggregate and bind to mucin was assessed, showing autoaggregative properties and mucin binding at 5 logs CFU/mL. The survival ability in simulated oral and gastrointestinal conditions and growth dynamics with different gastrointestinal stress factors was studied. Most of the strains showed a good growth potential in the presence of oral and gastrointestinal stress factors. All tested strains exhibited high survival rates in the simulated oral environment, thus having the potential for colonizing the oral cavity and their beneficial properties to be applied. These results are a good basis for continuing the research into these strains so they can be included in new functional products for oral health.

Stock cover is presented by a key performance indicator calculating the number of days of forecasted consumption which the current stock level can face. The identified problem in production companies, when calculating the “Stock Cover” indicator companies opt for one of three ways, among which there are large deviations in planning frequency and launching the orders for procurement or/and production, as well as a wide aberration in the volume of customer orders; which directly affects costs and competitiveness of enterprises. The idea of the authors of this study was to make “Stock cover” indicator and “Balanced Stock Cover” to be more adequate, and at the same time more efficient and effective in the operational management of a compan

The human oral cavity contains a variety of habitats, all of which are colonized by microorganisms. Oral bacteria form multi-genera communities, exhibiting adhesive properties, both to oral tissue surfaces and to each other. In certain conditions, these properties represent the first step towards the development of oral diseases. The oral microbiome undergoes changes in its composition, which can alter the balance between health and disease and is dynamically interconnected with the host. Probiotics with a targeted effect on the oral cavity can successfully compete with pathobionts and increase the presence of beneficial bacteria, thus contributing positively mainly to the prevention of oral diseases. The application of probiotics to maintain balance of oral microbiota has been a subject of intensive research. Oral health products containing lactic acid bacteria represent a modern approach to prevent or reduce the level of infections in the oral cavity. The application of these products is an alternative and promising way to prevent diseases through competitive interactions of beneficial microorganisms with pathobionts.