The human oral cavity contains a variety of habitats, all of which are colonized by microorganisms. Oral bacteria form multi-genera communities, exhibiting adhesive properties, both to oral tissue surfaces and to each other. In certain conditions, these properties represent the first step towards the development of oral diseases. The oral microbiome undergoes changes in its composition, which can alter the balance between health and disease and is dynamically interconnected with the host. Probiotics with a targeted effect on the oral cavity can successfully compete with pathobionts and increase the presence of beneficial bacteria, thus contributing positively mainly to the prevention of oral diseases. The application of probiotics to maintain balance of oral microbiota has been a subject of intensive research. Oral health products containing lactic acid bacteria represent a modern approach to prevent or reduce the level of infections in the oral cavity. The application of these products is an alternative and promising way to prevent diseases through competitive interactions of beneficial microorganisms with pathobionts.