The Middle Miocene (Badenian) evaporites have formed within more or less restricted basins, occupying the Carpathian Foredeep and inner depressions in the East Slovakian Basin of the Carpathians. Their deposition coincided with the increased tectonic activity in the Carpathians, evidenced by volcanic eruptions (widespread volcaniclastics) and frequent earthquakes. These phenomena apparently initiated landslides, submarine slumps and turbidity currents which formed deposits characterized by rapid facies changes and relatively limited lateral continuity. The clastic–evaporitic deposition in the Zbudza area (East Slovakian Basin) was controlled by frequent tectonic and seismic phenomena and high continental clastic supply that produced repeated slump sediments with dominant proximal mass flows and distal flows and diverse salt types (salt/clay rhythmites, finer halite–arenites, coarse halite–rudites). These zones are separated by primary salt units (halite) precipitated in situ from bottom brines during calm periods. The observed cyclicity (I–V cycles) reflects varied tectonic activity of the basin margins, that mechanically remobilized the sediments from marginal salt pans, flats and adjacent uplifts, and could be correlable with cycles in the Wieliczka Formation from Carpathian Foredeep.

The chemical composition of primary inclusions in sedimentary halite from the Polish Zechstein salt deposits (Upper Permian), which represent deposition in salt lagoon to salt pan-salina conditions of two evaporitic units of the Stassfurt and Leine cyclothems, contains evidence that the included brines belong to the Na–K–Mg–Cl–SO ₄ (SO ₄ -rich) type. They differ from the brines typical for other Zechstein salts by having an elevated potassium content, which produced primary sylvite (daughter crystals in inclusions), caused by redeposition of locally generated potassium salts during inflow of fresh seawater into the sedimentary basin. The homogenization temperature of primary inclusions in halite with sylvite daughter crystals reflects the increased temperature (53–60 °C) of basin brines, caused by a greenhouse effect due to density stratification of the brines. Isotopic composition of the anhydrite (sulphur: 9.4–13.30‰ Canyon Diablo Troilite (CDT); oxygen: 9.44–10.4‰ Standard Middle Ocean Water (SMOW), as well as the bromine content in halite (49–77 ppm) indicated that these salts had a marine origin and were deposited at an elevated temperature, from concentrated seawater with a high potassium content, that favoured precipitation of primary sylvite.