• The prevalence cardiovascular disease can be reduced by using cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory drugs. • In vitro studies showed the extracted Chitin was found to have cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitor activities. • In silico study, simulasi MD (100 ns) chitin remained stable in the active sites of the HMG CoA reductase receptor. • Chitin from mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) shells can be used to develop more potent for effective dyslipidemia therapy.

This study aims to determine the antiobesity activity of Calophyllum soulattri leaves extract (CSLE) on high fat diet-fed rats (HFD) and to predict the molecular docking and pharmacokinetics of selected compounds of Calophyllum soulattri to fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Daily body weight, organ, carcass fat (renal and anal), body mass index, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride levels were observed after CSLE was given orally for 50 days. Furthermore, body mass index of a CSLE dose of 50 mg/kgbw, 100 mg/kgbw and orlistat (120 mg/kgbw) group are 0.68, 0.57 and 0.52, respectively. The total body weight of the CLSE dose of 100 mg/kgbw group showed the lowest percentage change, followed by a CLSE dose of 50 mg/kgbw compared to the normal and positive control group. The carcass fat index of CSLE dose of 100 mg/kgbw was not significantly different from orlistat, which was in line with its total cholesterol level and triglyceride (p < 0.05). The binding affinity of selected compounds from Calophyllum soulattri (friedelin, caloxanthone B, macluraxanthone, stigmasterol, trapezifolixanthone, dombakinaxanthone, and brasixanthone B) to FTO are –8.27, –9.74, –8.48, –9.34, –8.85, –8.68 and –9.39 kcal/mol, which are better than that of orlistat at –4.80 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation showed that the interaction between Caloxanthone B compounds and obesity receptors was relatively stable. Lipinski’s rule determined the absorption percentage of all compounds above 90% with good drug-likeness. The results showed the potential of CSLE as an antiobesity drug candidate.

The chicken eggshell is specifically composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at a percentage of 98%, therefore providing an important component of dietary calcium for people of all ages.The present study was carried out to evaluate the safety of eggshell powder. Eggshell as a supplement material must be quality and safety standards through acute and subchronic toxicity testing. The toxicity test was based on the OECD 425 Up and Down method and OECD 407. Eggshell powder did not show any signs of poisoning, and there was no decrease in the bodyweight of the rats. LD50 value of Eggshell powder more than 5000mg/kgBW categorized as practically non-toxic based on the analysis using the AOT425 Pgm. stat. There was no effect of eggshells powder on the increase in body weight of male and female rats. The eggshell administration has not affected the hematological profile including MCH, MCHC, leucocytes, basophils, eosinophils, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets. The blood biochemical profile of eggshells gave normal results on the triglyceride, HDL, glucose, urea, SGOT, and SGPT profiles but increased the total cholesterol profile, LDL of female rats, and the creatinine profile of male rats in the control group, at doses of 400 and 1000mg/kgBW, and control satellite, as well as female creatinine profiles in the control satellite group. Microscopic observations of the heart showed hypertrophy in some female rats and reversible necrosis in some male rats. Microscopic histology observation of kidney organs showed glomerular atrophy in female and male rats. Changes in the kidney organs in the female and male dose groups were also reversible. The histology results show that there are no changes that occur in the lungs, and spleen organs of female and male rats. These investigations indicate that eggshells may be safe for human ingestion.

The aim of this study was to determine the affinities and interactions of five flavonoids, namely quercetin, epicatechin, genistein, luteolin and hesperetin, against AT1R. Using the docking method, in silico studies were conducted, and AutoDock Vina and ChemOffice programs were used to analyse permeability and stability of atoms in the ligand. Discovery Studio was used for interaction visualization. Using ANOVA, ligand affinity was statistically analysed with 95% confidence level. The five flavonoids, namely quercetin, epicatechin, genistein, luteolin and hesperetin, and two positive controls, namely valsartan and losartan, had H donors < 5, H acceptors < 10 and molecular weights 302.24, 290.27, 270.24, 286.24, 302.28, 435.53 and 422.92 g/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the affinity of these ligands against AT1R were -8.3, -7.8, -8.3, -8.3, -7.6, -8.7 and -9.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Few amino acid residues showed interactions similar to the control, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bond and pi-interactions. All ligands in the normality and homogeneity tests showed p-values > 0.05 and equal to 0.059, respectively. The five flavonoids had p-value < 0.05 against the controls. All the five flavonoids have good permeability and their statistical affinity was significantly different from the controls. Nevertheless, active site cavities and amino acid residues similar to the controls enabled the flavonoids to interact with AT1R. The affinity of quercetin is statistically similar to that of genistein and luteolin, whereas that of epicatechin is similar to hesperetin

Malnutrition is characterized by slow growth and excessive loss of body fat. The fats needed during the growth period of toddlers are essential fatty acids, which are important for the human body and cannot be made in the body but must come from food. specifically omega-3, which is beneficial for children's growth and brain intelligence. The plant that contains this content is the tengkawang fruit. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tengkawang fruit on motor behavior and organ indices in malnourished male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) of the Wistar strain. Research methods include making low-protein animal feed, making test preparations, and grouping animals. Mice were divided into 5 groups, namely positive control, negative control, normal control, and two dose groups; then behavioral observations and organ index observations were observed. The organs observed were the spleen, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. The results of behavioral observations in the tengkawang fruit extract group showed that the platform observation increased again after being given the test preparation like the normal group, and the same as motor activity, there was an increase back to normal conditions, especially in the tengkawang fruit extract group at a dose of 100 mg/kgBB, where there was an increase exceeding the normal group by 40%. Observation of organ indices did not show a significant increase (p 0.05) in the lymph organs, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys compared to the normal group. Giving tengkawang fruit extract at a dose of 100 mg/kgBB and a dose of 300 mg/kgBB can make the behavior and organ index of malnourished mice return to normal. However, it did not show a significant increase (p 0.05) between the two dose groups and the negative control group, so it is recommended that further research be carried out using an inert solvent with tengkawang tungul extract.

Abstrak Dispepsia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia, termasuk di Kelurahan Siantan Hulu, Pontianak Utara, Kalimantan Barat, di mana tercatat 519 kasus pada Januari–Mei 2025. Kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai penyebab, pencegahan, dan penanganan dispepsia menjadi perhatian utama. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang dispepsia serta memperkenalkan pemanfaatan herbal lokal sebagai alternatif terapi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan bersama mitra ibu PKK, perangkat RT/RW, serta siswa/i SMKN 6 Pontianak, dengan total 61 peserta terlibat. Metode pelaksanaan berupa pelatihan praktis disertai pre-test dan post-test. Hasil evaluasi menunjukan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dari rata-rata 75,52 (pre-test) menjadi 83,06 (post-test), atau naik 9,98%. Sebanyak 50,7% peserta menilai kegiatan ini baik dan 45,9% menilai sangat baik. Kegiatan juga berhasil menumbuhkan minat masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan dan pembuatan herbal lokal untuk upaya pencegahan penyakit saluran cerna. Kata kunci: dispepsia; edukasi kesehatan; tanaman herbal; masyarakat; Siantan Hulu. Abstract Dyspepsia is a common health problem with a high prevalence in Indonesia, including in Siantan Hulu Village, North Pontianak, West Kalimantan, where 519 cases were recorded from January to May 2025. Lack of knowledge about the causes, prevention, and management of dyspepsia is a primary concern. This community service activity aims to increase public knowledge and awareness about dyspepsia and introduce the use of local herbs as an alternative therapy. The activity was conducted together with partners from the PKK women's group, neighborhood officials (RT/RW), and students of SMKN 6 Pontianak, involving a total of 61 participants. The implementation method consisted of practical training accompanied by pre-tests and post-tests. Evaluation results showed an increase in participants' knowledge from an average score of 75.52 (pre-test) to 83.06 (post-test), an improvement of 9.98%. Approximately 50.7% of participants rated the activity as good and 45.9% as very good. The activity also succeeded in fostering community interest in utilizing and making local herbal remedies for the prevention of digestive tract diseases. Keywords: dyspepsia; health education; herbal plants; community; Siantan Hulu.