Honey bees and honey, have been the subject of study for decades due to their importance in improving health. At times, some of the probiotics may be transferred to the honey stored in the honeycomb. Consumers may benefit from consuming live-probiotics honey, which can aid in suppressing the reproduction of pathogens in their digestive system. Prebiotics, on the other hand, are mainly carbohydrates that promote the growth of native microflora probiotics in the digestive tract to maintain a healthy environment and improve the gut performance of the host. Therefore, this narrative review aims to present and analyze ten years’ worth of information on the probiotic and prebiotic potential of honey bees and honey since not many review articles were found discussing this topic. Results showed that not many studies have been performed on the probiotic and prebiotic aspects of honey bees and honey. If further research is conducted, isolated probiotics from the bee’s gut combined with honey’s prebiotic properties can be manipulated as potential sources of probiotics and prebiotics for human and animal benefits since they appear to be interrelated and function in symbiosis.

The tilapia sector is advancing due to breakthroughs in aquaculture techniques and genetic enhancements. Comprehending sensory qualities is crucial for producers striving to meet market demands efficiently. As consumer preferences play a significant role in shaping the market, enhancing the sensory attributes of both farmed and wild red tilapia will be key to ensuring their success in the competitive aquaculture industry. One of Malaysia’s most prominent aquaculture projects is the Como River Aquaculture Project located in Kenyir Lake, where tilapia fish farming, trademarked as Red Kenyir™, is conducted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the nutrient analysis of raw and five sensory attributes (appearance, texture, smell, taste, overall quality) of filets from Red Kenyir™ and wild red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Red Kenyir™ were fed three different commercial diets (A, B, and C) from fingerling to adulthood, while wild tilapia (W) was sourced from the market. Proximate and nutritional analyses were conducted based on the standard food analysis protocol by AOAC/AOCS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively document the nutrient analysis of raw and consumer sensory perception of cooked Red Kenyir™ aquaculture tilapia in direct comparison with wild red tilapia. The sensory evaluation was conducted using a consumer preference test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Nutrient analysis showed that Red Kenyir™ tilapia had lower fat (0.25–1.37 g/100 g vs. 4.30 g/100 g) and lower energy (77.38–113.46 kcal/100 g vs. 132.79 kcal/100 g) levels. Protein levels varied across groups (19–26.54 g/100 g vs. 22.95 g/100 g). The tryptophan content of the Red Kenyir™ tilapia samples ranged between 0.13 and 0.23 g/100 g, while the wild tilapia contained 0.19 mg/100 g. Sensory evaluation with 36 panelists revealed no significant differences in appearance, texture, or smell (p > 0.05). However, wild tilapia scored slightly higher in taste (4.14) than Red Kenyir™ (3.54–3.71) for steamed preparation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that variations in the nutritional composition of Red Kenyir™ do not affect the sensory experience for consumer acceptance, making it a sustainable alternative for customers.

The Malaysian Apis cerana honey (ACH) was analysed for its physicochemical characteristics, including moisture, Baume, Brix analysis (total soluble solids and total soluble sugars), sugar profiling (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose), total ash, pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, colour analysis, and choline content. The inhibitory effects of pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activities were also assessed. Results indicated that the sum of fructose and glucose, sucrose, and electrical conductivity were all within the recommended range following the requirements of international standards. The maximum levels were, nevertheless, exceeded by moisture, free acidity and total ash. The ACH showed potential as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetic agent by inhibiting pancreatic lipase by up to 43.4% at 0.063 mg/mL, α-amylase by up to 70% at 7.0 mg/mL and α-glucosidase by up to 67.6% at 100 mg/mL, respectively. The percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase by undiluted ACH and deionised water extract at different temperatures (4.8 ± 0.5 °C, 27 ± 0.5 °C, and 40 ± 0.5 °C) was comparable, suggesting that temperatures had little effect on the degree of inhibition.

Background/Objectives: Pulses are nutrient-dense, low-glycaemic legumes rich in fibre and bioactive compounds that may modulate carcinogenesis through effects on diet quality, metabolism, and the gut microbiome. This scoping review mapped human evidence on pulses in relation to cancer risk reduction and related mechanistic and survivorship-relevant outcomes. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Population, Concept and Context (PCC) guidance, we searched CENTRAL, Scopus and PubMed (2014–31 December 2025), supplemented by backward and forward citation tracking, for English-language human studies in which pulses were a defined exposure or intervention and cancer-specific clinical outcomes or biomarkers were reported. Exposures are described using the original ‘legume’ terminology, with pulse-specific interpretation restricted to FAO-defined pulses or clearly dry pulse forms and to pulse-dominant legume intake where the constituent items were predominantly pulses but preparation was not specified. Results: After screening 1244 records, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising five case–control studies, five 4-week randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one 8-week randomised crossover trial, one controlled feeding study, two prospective cohort studies, and one other prospective study. Observational data from a single pooled case–control study suggest that higher pulse-dominant legume intake is compatible with modestly lower colorectal cancer risk, although the findings are mixed and often attenuate after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary confounders. Evidence for breast and oesophageal cancer and all-cancer mortality is limited, frequently subgroup-specific or highly sensitive to confounder control, and survivorship endpoints are represented mainly by short-term mechanistic and feasibility trials in colorectal cancer survivors rather than by long-term clinical outcomes. Notably, five of these navy bean interventions were conducted by a single research group using similar protocols, which constrains the independence of replication. Conclusions: Pulses can be considered practical components of cancer-protective dietary patterns, especially for colorectal cancer, but the heterogeneity of study designs, short-term interventions, limited sample sizes, and lack of preparation-specific exposure data preclude firm causal inferences; longer-term, rigorously designed trials and detailed observational work are needed to refine pulse-based recommendations for cancer risk reduction and to clarify any role in survivorship care.

Introduction: Microplastic (MP) contamination can endanger marine ecosystems and indirectly affect the well-being of humans through the ingestion of marine species. While most research investigates the digestive system, such as the gills and gastrointestinal tract of fish, it still fails to address a major oversight in understanding MP deposition in edible tissues, which is the primary route of human exposure. The differences in contamination levels among pelagic, demersal, and benthic fish in Malaysian waters remain poorly understood. This preliminary study uses Laser Direct Infrared Imaging (LDIR), a new, high-resolution, automated technique, to examine synthetic MP contamination in the edible portion of fish. Materials and Methods: The MPs were extracted from the edible tissue of three fish species representing pelagic (Fish A), benthic (Fish B), and demersal (Fish C) using KOH and sieved onto a gold mesh filter before analysis using LDIR. Results and Discussion: LDIR identified 162 MP particles, revealing clear differences by polymer type and habitat. Pelagic species mostly contained polyethylene (PE) and rubber (n = 8). Demersal species had mostly polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with small amounts of PE and rubber (n = 57). Benthic species showed the highest load, dominated by PET and polypropylene (PP) (n = 97). The morphological assessment of the MPs indicated that the polymers in pelagic fish were smaller, with an area of 2047.82 µm² and a circularity range of 0.14–0.74, indicating consistent shape. Conversely, MPs are irregular and larger in benthic fish, with areas up to 38,837.50 µm² and circularities ranging from 0.02 to 0.81. This pattern reflects specific accumulation related to habitat and potential environmental degradation processes. Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrates the effectiveness of LDIR for detecting MPs in edible fish tissues. The findings provide a fundamental dataset on MP contamination in edible tissue and emphasize its distribution across ecological zones. Nevertheless, broader research is required to substantiate these data and assess the implications of MP contamination for the environmental stability of human and marine well-being.