Rumen acidosis is increasingly recognized as a significant disorder in ruminants that increases the morbidity and mortality of animals, especially for dairy cattle and sheep. Acidosis is not just D-lactate which disturbs the acid-base status and the severity of acidosis is related to many factors and not only due to the level of lactic acid production, resulting in difficulties in diagnosing acidosis. Therefore, an understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and histopathological effects of rumen acidosis is fundamental for developing effective methods of prevention and treatment of fermentative acidosis. The present review evaluates the physiology, biochemistry, and pathophysiology of fermentative acidosis as well as gives a conclusion and look-forward. The information will benefit the health and welfare of ruminants and contribute to modern systems of ruminant production.

The experiment was to investigate the effect of different dietary lipid levels on the growth performance, nucleic acids, leptin and adiponectin as well as their receptor gene expression in juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Six groups of the juveniles with 40 days of age in triplicate were fed for 90 days using 6 iso‐nitrogen (34% dietary protein) diets. The 6 diets were control diet contained 0.35% of lipid, without lipid supplementation, and the other diets were added different doses of fish oil to make the different dietary lipid levels of 3.35%, 6.35%, 9.35%, 12.35% and 15.35% based on per kg of dried feed. The samples of whole fish and major tissues/organs were randomly taken at 0 and 90 days for determination, respectively. The main results were as follows: compared with the control diet, the diets with different lipid supplementation improved significantly (p < .05) the specific growth rate (SGR), crude fat, nucleic acids, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoRs 1 & 2) gene expression and serum leptin level in juvenile GIFT tilapia. However, the diets with different lipid supplementation reduced significantly (p < .05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), crude protein, leptin receptor (LepR) gene expression and serum adiponectin level. There was no significant effect (p > .05) on the survival rate (SR) in the juveniles fed the diets with different lipid supplementation. In conclusion, the diets with different lipid supplementation could affect significantly the SGR, FCR, HIS, nucleic acids, crude fat and protein, leptin and adiponectin levels and their receptor gene expression of the juveniles. The optimal dietary lipid level was 10.52% for SGR and 10.61% for FCR based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis between dietary lipid levels against the SGR and FCR of the juveniles, respectively, in the experiment.

The comparison of the predominant bacterial community structure in the gastrointestinal walls between Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816) and Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787) based on 16S rDNA PCR2DGGE fingerprint using a culture independent method was conducted in the paper. The results showed that abundant bacteriumwere planted in the gastrointestinal walls of both marine finfish species, the similarity was above 50% in the community structures in the gastrointestinal walls with the highest similarity of 67% in the bacterial composition between the intestinal wall of Lutjanus sebae and that of Ephippus orbis, and the walls of the stomach and the intestinal in one fish shared the same most predominant bacteria species, which might reflect the same aquaculture environment and the diet fedfor bothfinfish species. However, the difference of the richness and relative abun dance in the bacterium of the gastrointestinal walls in both finfish species was also observed from the DGGEfingerprint with the results of richer bacterium of the gastrointestinal wall in Ephippus orbis compared to that in Lutjanus sebae, which might due to the different natural living habits. The first time of the establishment and comparison of the 16S rDNA2DGGEfingerprint in the gastrointestinal wall of marine finfish in present study do help to elucidate the microflora structure in the gastrointestinal wall of marine finfish.

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) serum albumin was purified from plasma and its N‐terminal sequence determined. Atlantic salmon albumin is the predominant plasma protein, negatively charged, at pH 8.6. Albumin was purified to >95% purity which yielded a single band on SDS‐PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the purified albumin was approximately 6,5 kDa. The N‐terminal sequence of Atlantic chinook salmon albumin was consistent with that predicted from its previously determined cDNA sequence and was identical to that of salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) albumin through the first 15 residues. However, the fact that the actual N‐terminus was different from that predicted from cDNA sequence indicates that Atlantic salmon albumin, like chinook salmon albumin, lacks a propeptide.