With environmental issues arising from the excessive use of fossil fuels, clean energy has gained widespread attention, particularly the application of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are integrated into various industrial products, which necessitates higher safety requirements. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is an LPWA (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology that provides IoT devices with low-power, low-cost, long-endurance, and wide-coverage wireless connectivity. This study addresses the shortcomings of existing lithium-ion battery pack detection systems and proposes a lithium-ion battery monitoring system based on NB-IoT-ZigBee technology. The system operates in a master-slave mode, with the subordinate module collecting and fusing multi-source sensor data, while the master control module uploads the data to local monitoring centers and cloud platforms via TCP and NB-IoT. Experimental validation demonstrates that the design functions effectively, accomplishing the monitoring and protection of lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage power stations.

To prevent the frequent occurrence of transmission line galloping accidents, many scholars have carried out studies. However, there are still many difficulties that have not been solved. To address the issues that have arisen during the installation of the monitoring system, a new installation technique for the galloping monitoring terminal structure has been developed, and structural design and transmission line impact have been taken into account. A method combining Kalman and Mahony complementary filtering has been shown to solve the problem of wire twisting when galloping is taken into account. The displacement is derived by double-integrating the acceleration, although the trend term has a significant impact on the integration result. To handle the trend term issue and other error effects, a method combining the least-squares method, the adaptive smoothing method, and the time-frequency domain hybrid integration approach is used. Finally, the monitoring terminal’s structural design is simulated and evaluated, and the measured amplitude is assessed on a galloping standard test bench. The difference between the measured amplitude and the laboratory standard value is less than 10%, meeting the engineering design criteria. And the galloping trajectory is identical to the test bench trajectory, which is critical for user end monitoring.

Effective balanced management of battery packs can not only increase the available capacity of a battery pack but reduce attenuation and capacity loss caused by cell inconsistencies and remove safety hazards caused by abnormal use such as overcharge and over-discharge. This research considers both the equilibration period and the battery operating current. The State of Charge (SOC), current, and equalization current of batteries are all limited. Based on the existing multi-layer equalization model, the equalization current of the equalizer was tuned with restrictions. It can equalize multiple batteries simultaneously and ensure the normal operation of the batteries. A layered control strategy was then found to solve the optimal equalization current of the equalizer layer by layer. The proposed control method reduces computation time and guarantees that the equalization approach can be employed in practice. Finally, through MATLAB simulation analysis, this technique can limit the cell current to (−3 A, 3 A), which improves the balancing efficiency by 23.55% compared with the balancing of adjacent cells.

In this study, the influence of the external current and the equalization current on the working current of the lithium battery during the equalization process is fully analyzed, a fuzzy equalization approach based on a multilayer circuit is proposed, with external current and the battery's SOC as inputs, and fuzzy rules to output a suitable equalization current to keep the battery's operating current within the permitted range. It is verified by simulation that the proposed fuzzy control strategy can limit the operating current of the lithium battery within the range of [-3A-3A], and the maximum operating current of the battery is reduced by 50% compared with the unbalanced strategy. It can ensure the safety in the process of battery balancing.