An electro-hydraulic servo valve is objectively asymmetrical in the process of fabrication and assembly, and the zero position is the result of comprehensive adjustment. During the use of the electro-hydraulic servo valve, the rapid rise of temperature will lead to the zero drift phenomenon and the change in the flow state of the servo valve. With the change in temperature, the thicknesses of air gaps, the size of the orifice, the flow coefficient, the armature’s arm of force, the permanent magnets’ reluctances, and the polarization magnetomotive force, the stiffness of the spring tube and feedback rod will act on the property of the torque motor and the pilot stage. Considering the factors of temperature and processing assembly on the zero drift of the electro-hydraulic servo valve, a mathematical theory model describing the temperature zero drift characteristics is constructed. When the temperature range is 20–270 °C, the analysis demonstrated that the control error of the servo valve will exceed the expected 15%. The temperature has the most significant effect on the servo valve through the flow coefficient. The initial installation angle deflection is the domain route on the temperature zero drift, and other factors have less effect. Compared with the experimental results, the temperature-induced zero drift model correctly calculates the control error trend of the servo valve caused by an increase in temperature, and it will contribute to improving the control precision of the servo valve.

The flow field structure in the pilot stage of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is small and complex, and the extreme temperature environment will aggravate the self-excited oscillation, resulting in a decrease in the control accuracy of the servo valve. With the increase in temperature, the size of the orifice, the temperature characteristics of the fluid and the pressure loss in the flow pipe will influence the characteristics of the pilot stage. Considering the influence of temperature and pressure loss, a theoretical mathematical model is established to describe the flow force in the pilot stage. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical model, CFD simulations of the flow force at different inlet pressures and deflection positions and temperatures are analyzed in this paper. As the temperature rises, the oil viscosity rapidly decreases, which results in the flow force acting on the flapper increasing with the temperature. When the temperature exceeds 50 °C, the effect of oil viscosity is small, and the flow force tends to decrease slightly with the combined effect. As the supply oil pressure increases and the flapper moves toward the nozzle, the flow force acting on the flapper increases, and the trend is consistent with the CFD simulation results. An experimental device is designed, including establishing the experimental conditions and measuring the flow force to validate the theoretical model and to observe the cavitation phenomenon of the pilot stage.

To study the mechanism of the deflector jet servo valve under temperature shock, a complete temperature theoretical model is proposed in this article. The temperature change affects the performance change of the torque motor by affecting the drift of the air gaps’ thickness, the permanent magnets’ reluctance, and the magnetomotive polarization force. Moreover, the temperature variation will act on the flow coefficient of the pilot stage, the size of the deflector, and jet pan, which influences the performance of the pilot stage hydraulic amplifier. Furthermore, the armature components, including the stiffness of the spring tube, the stiffness of the feedback rod, and the armature’s arm of force, are also related to the temperature variation. Comprehensively, considering the interaction influence of these factors, by analyzing the electromagnetic characteristics of the torque motor, the fluid mechanics’ characteristics of the pilot stage hydraulic amplifier, and the temperature performance of the armature assembly, the temperature drift model of deflector jet servo valve is constructed, which is represented as a ninth-order nonlinear equation. Based on the equation, the influence of temperature on the control precision of the servo valve is analyzed. The calculation results show that in the range of 20°C–250°C, the impact of temperature on the control accuracy will exceed 30%, the flow coefficient is the most significant affecting on the control accuracy, followed by the structural deformation of the pilot stage is the second factor affecting the temperature drift, and other factors have little effect. Comparison with the experimental results, the temperature drift model of the deflector jet servo valve can predict the control accuracy caused by temperature and provide a theoretical foundation for the optimization of the deflector jet servo valve.